Dietary fumonisin exposure in a rural population of South Africa

A validated culturally specific dietary assessment method was used to determine the habitual maize intakes of black Xhosa-speaking Africans living in the Centane region of the Eastern Cape Province to assess their exposure to the carcinogenic fumonisin mycotoxins. The mean total dry weight maize int...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Food and chemical toxicology Vol. 48; no. 8; pp. 2103 - 2108
Main Authors:	Burger, H-M., Lombard, M.J., Shephard, G.S., Rheeder, J.R., van der Westhuizen, L., Gelderblom, W.C.A.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Oxford Elsevier Ltd 01-08-2010 Elsevier
Subjects:	Adolescent Adult Aged Assessments Beer Biological and medical sciences Cooking Diet Diet Surveys Drinking Drying Exposure Female Food Contamination Foods Fumonisin Fumonisins - analysis Fumonisins - chemistry Humans Intakes Maize Male Medical sciences Middle Aged Mycotoxins Plant poisons toxicology Rural Rural Population South Africa Strategy Toxicology Young Adult Zea mays - microbiology South Africa Africa Rural Diet PDI bw PMTDI South Africa RAPP Exposure Maize Fumonisin FB EC Human Rural environment Nutrition Mycotoxin Corn Feeding Toxin Rural area
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Summary:	A validated culturally specific dietary assessment method was used to determine the habitual maize intakes of black Xhosa-speaking Africans living in the Centane region of the Eastern Cape Province to assess their exposure to the carcinogenic fumonisin mycotoxins. The mean total dry weight maize intakes of home-grown, commercial or combined (both maize sources) were 474, 344, 462 g day −1, respectively. When considering the total mean levels of fumonisin in home-grown maize (1142 μg kg −1) and commercial maize (222 μg kg −1), the probable daily intakes (PDI’s), expressed as μg kg −1 body weight day −1 were 12.1 (95%CI: 0.3–4926.5) and 1.3 (95%CI: 1.0–1.8) for men and 6.7 (95%CI: 1.0–457.8) and 1.1 (95%CI: 0.9–1.3) for women, consuming home-grown and commercial maize, respectively. Based on the different maize-based beer drinking frequencies the PDI’s varied between 6.9 and 12.0 μg kg −1/drinking event. Depending on the maize intake patterns an exposure “window” exists where fumonisin exposure is below the recommended group provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI) for fumonisins of 2 μg kg −1 bw day −1. The assessment of fumonisin exposure and development of preventative strategies depend, not only the accurate determination of total fumonisin levels in maize, but also on the distinct dietary patterns of a specific population.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0278-6915 1873-6351
DOI:	10.1016/j.fct.2010.05.011