Association of ACE1 I/D polymorphism and susceptibility to COVID-19 in Egyptian children and adolescents

Background Given the sparse data on the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and its biological effector molecules ACE1 and ACE2 in pediatric COVID-19 cases, we investigated whether the ACE1 insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism could be a genetic marker for susceptibility to COVID-19 in Egyptian children...

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Published in:	Pediatric research Vol. 96; no. 5; pp. 1347 - 1354
Main Authors:	Boraey, Naglaa F., Bebars, Marwa A., Wahba, Ali A., Abd El Lateef, Hanan M., Attia, Mohamed Atif, Elsayed, Ahmed H., Rashed, Khalid A., Sorour, Ehab I., Ahmed, Mohamed F., Abd-Elrehim, Ghada A. B., Soliman, Attia A., Shehab, Mohamed M. M., Elhindawy, Eman M., Ibraheem, Ahmed A. A., Shehata, Hassan, Yousif, Yousif M., Hashem, Mustafa I. A., Ahmed, Amani A., Emam, Ahmed A., Gameil, Dalia M., Abdelhady, Eman M., Abdelkhalek, Khalil, Morsi, Walaa E. M. A., Selim, Dalia M., Razek, Suzan A., Ashraf, Bassem, Saleh, Ahmed S. E., Eltrawy, Heba H., Alanwar, Mohamed I., Fouad, Rania A., Omar, Walaa E., Nabil, Rehab M., Abdelhamed, Mohamed R., Ibrahim, Mona Yousri, Malek, Mai M., Afify, Mona R., Alharbi, Mohanned T., Nagshabandi, Mohammed K., Tarabulsi, Muyassar K., Qashqary, Mohammed Esmail, Almoraie, Laila M., Salem, Hanan F., Rashad, Manal M., El-Gaaly, Sonya A. A., El- Deeb, Nahawand A., Abdallah, Amany M., Fakhreldin, Ahmed R., Hassouba, Mohamed, Massoud, Yasmine M., Attaya, Mona S. M., Haridi, Mohammed K.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	New York Nature Publishing Group US 01-10-2024 Nature Publishing Group
Subjects:	Adolescent Alleles Case-Control Studies Child Child, Preschool COVID-19 COVID-19 - genetics Egypt Endocrine system Female Gene Frequency Genetic Predisposition to Disease Genotype Genotype & phenotype Humans INDEL Mutation Male Medicine Medicine & Public Health Pediatric Surgery Pediatrics Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A - genetics Polymorphism Polymorphism, Genetic Population Study Population Study Article Renin-Angiotensin System - genetics Risk Factors SARS-CoV-2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Teenagers Egypt
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Summary:	Background Given the sparse data on the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and its biological effector molecules ACE1 and ACE2 in pediatric COVID-19 cases, we investigated whether the ACE1 insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism could be a genetic marker for susceptibility to COVID-19 in Egyptian children and adolescents. Methods This was a case-control study included four hundred sixty patients diagnosed with COVID-19, and 460 well-matched healthy control children and adolescents. The I/D polymorphism (rs1799752) in the ACE1 gene was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ), meanwhile the ACE serum concentrations were assessed by ELISA . Results The ACE1 D/D genotype and Deletion allele were significantly more represented in patients with COVID-19 compared to the control group (55% vs. 28%; OR = 2.4; [95% CI: 1.46–3.95]; for the DD genotype; P = 0.002) and (68% vs. 52.5%; OR: 1.93; [95% CI: 1.49–2.5] for the D allele; P = 0.032). The presence of ACE1 D/D genotype was an independent risk factor for severe COVID-19 among studied patients (adjusted OR: 2.6; [95% CI: 1.6–9.7]; P < 0.001. Conclusions The ACE1 insertion/deletion polymorphism may confer susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection in Egyptian children and adolescents. Impact Recent studies suggested a crucial role of renin-angiotensin system and its biological effector molecules ACE1 and ACE2 in the pathogenesis and progression of COVID-19. To our knowledge, ours is the first study to investigate the association of ACE1 I/D polymorphism and susceptibility to COVID-19 in Caucasian children and adolescents. The presence of the ACE1 D/D genotype or ACE1 Deletion allele may confer susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and being associated with higher ACE serum levels; may constitute independent risk factors for severe COVID-19. The ACE1 I/D genotyping help design further clinical trials reconsidering RAS-pathway antagonists to achieve more efficient targeted therapies.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0031-3998 1530-0447 1530-0447
DOI:	10.1038/s41390-023-02982-8