First full-length sequences of the S gene of European isolates reveal further diversity among turkey coronaviruses

An increasing incidence of enteric disorders clinically suggestive of the poult enteritis complex has been observed in turkeys in France since 2003. Using a newly designed real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay specific for the nucleocapsid (N) gene of infectious bronchitis...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Avian pathology Vol. 40; no. 2; pp. 179 - 189
Main Authors:	Maurel, S, Toquin, D, Briand, F. X, Quéguiner, M, Allée, C, Bertin, J, Ravillion, L, Retaux, C, Turblin, V, Morvan, H, Eterradossi, N
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England Taylor & Francis Group 01-04-2011 Taylor & Francis Ltd Taylor & Francis
Subjects:	Amino Acid Sequence amino acids Animal biology Animals Base Sequence Conserved Sequence Coronavirus, Turkey - genetics Coronavirus, Turkey - isolation & purification Coronavirus, Turkey - pathogenicity enteritis Enteritis, Transmissible, of Turkeys - epidemiology Enteritis, Transmissible, of Turkeys - virology Evolution flocks France - epidemiology Genes Genetic Variation Genomes Infectious bronchitis virus Life Sciences Membrane Glycoproteins - chemistry Membrane Glycoproteins - genetics Molecular Sequence Data nucleocapsid Nucleocapsid Proteins - genetics Phylogenetics Phylogeny Polymerase chain reaction poults reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction - methods Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction - veterinary RNA polymerase RNA Replicase - genetics RNA, Viral - genetics RNA-directed RNA polymerase Sensitivity and Specificity Sequence Alignment Sequence Analysis, DNA Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus Turkey coronavirus Turkeys Viral Envelope Proteins - chemistry Viral Envelope Proteins - genetics Viral Proteins - genetics Viruses Wildfowl France North America Life Sciences
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Summary:	An increasing incidence of enteric disorders clinically suggestive of the poult enteritis complex has been observed in turkeys in France since 2003. Using a newly designed real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay specific for the nucleocapsid (N) gene of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and turkey coronaviruses (TCoV), coronaviruses were identified in 37% of the intestinal samples collected from diseased turkey flocks. The full-length spike (S) gene of these viruses was amplified, cloned and sequenced from three samples. The French S sequences shared 98% identity at both the nucleotide and amino acid levels, whereas they were at most 65% and 60% identical with North American (NA) TCoV and at most 50% and 37% identical with IBV at the nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively. Higher divergence with NA TCoV was observed in the S1-encoding domain. Phylogenetic analysis based on the S gene revealed that the newly detected viruses form a sublineage genetically related with, but significantly different from, NA TCoV. Additionally, the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene and the N gene, located on the 5′ and 3′ sides of the S gene in the coronavirus genome, were partially sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that both the NA TCoV and French TCoV (Fr TCoV) lineages included some IBV relatives, which were however different in the two lineages. This suggested that different recombination events could have played a role in the evolution of the NA and Fr TCoV. The present results provide the first S sequence for a European TCoV. They reveal extensive genetic variation in TCoV and suggest different evolutionary pathways in North America and Europe.
Bibliography:	http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03079457.2011.551936 ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1465-3338 0307-9457 1465-3338
DOI:	10.1080/03079457.2011.551936