Genetic manipulation of anti-nutritional factors in major crops for a sustainable diet in future

The consumption of healthy food, in order to strengthen the immune system, is now a major focus of people worldwide and is essential to tackle the emerging pandemic concerns. Moreover, research in this area paves the way for diversification of human diets by incorporating underutilized crops which a...

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Published in:	Frontiers in plant science Vol. 13; p. 1070398
Main Authors:	Duraiswamy, Aishwarya, Sneha A, Nancy Mano, Jebakani K, Sherina, Selvaraj, Sellakumar, Pramitha J, Lydia, Selvaraj, Ramchander, Petchiammal K, Indira, Kather Sheriff, Sharmili, Thinakaran, Jenita, Rathinamoorthy, Samundeswari, Kumar P, Ramesh
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 15-02-2023
Subjects:	anti-nutritional factors food processing gene editing plant breeding Plant Science regulatory pathways plant breeding anti-nutritional factors gene editing food processing regulatory pathways
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Summary:	The consumption of healthy food, in order to strengthen the immune system, is now a major focus of people worldwide and is essential to tackle the emerging pandemic concerns. Moreover, research in this area paves the way for diversification of human diets by incorporating underutilized crops which are highly nutritious and climate-resilient in nature. However, although the consumption of healthy foods increases nutritional uptake, the bioavailability of nutrients and their absorption from foods also play an essential role in curbing malnutrition in developing countries. This has led to a focus on anti-nutrients that interfere with the digestion and absorption of nutrients and proteins from foods. Anti-nutritional factors in crops, such as phytic acid, gossypol, goitrogens, glucosinolates, lectins, oxalic acid, saponins, raffinose, tannins, enzyme inhibitors, alkaloids, β- -oxalyl amino alanine (BOAA), and hydrogen cyanide (HCN), are synthesized in crop metabolic pathways and are interconnected with other essential growth regulation factors. Hence, breeding with the aim of completely eliminating anti-nutrition factors tends to compromise desirable features such as yield and seed size. However, advanced techniques, such as integrated multi-omics, RNAi, gene editing, and genomics-assisted breeding, aim to breed crops in which negative traits are minimized and to provide new strategies to handle these traits in crop improvement programs. There is also a need to emphasize individual crop-based approaches in upcoming research programs to achieve smart foods with minimum constraints in future. This review focuses on progress in molecular breeding and prospects for additional approaches to improve nutrient bioavailability in major crops.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-3 content type line 23 ObjectType-Review-1 Reviewed by: Uday Chand Jha, Indian Institute of Pulses Research (ICAR), India; Dinakaran Elango, Iowa State University, United States This article was submitted to Plant Nutrition, a section of the journal Frontiers in Plant Science Edited by: Eleonora Cominelli, Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (CNR), Italy
ISSN:	1664-462X 1664-462X
DOI:	10.3389/fpls.2022.1070398