A demographic comparison and characterization of pediatric poisoning before and after the emergence of COVID-19

A demographic comparison and characterization of pediatric poisoning before and after the emergence of COVID-19

To compare relative rates of pediatric poisoning before and after COVID-19, including by demographic and urban-rural status, and by agent identified, using data from one university healthcare system and children's hospital. Using retrospective, cross sectional design from deidentified healthcar...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of pediatric nursing Vol. 78; pp. e199 - e205
Main Authors: Salt, Elizabeth, Wiggins, Amanda Thaxton, Howard, Christina, Cooper, Gena L., Badgett, Tom C., Rasheed, Kara, McSween, Emily, Rayens, Mary Kay
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01-09-2024
Subjects:
Adolescent
Child
Child, Preschool
COVID-19
COVID-19 - epidemiology
Cross-Sectional Studies
Female
Health disparities
Humans
Infant
Infant, Newborn
Male
Pandemics
Pediatric poisoning
Poisoning - epidemiology
Retrospective Studies
SARS-CoV-2
United States - epidemiology
United States
COVID-19
Pediatric poisoning
Health disparities
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Summary:To compare relative rates of pediatric poisoning before and after COVID-19, including by demographic and urban-rural status, and by agent identified, using data from one university healthcare system and children's hospital. Using retrospective, cross sectional design from deidentified healthcare claims data, we extracted all encounters with the ICD-10-CM for Poisoning by, Adverse effects of, and Underdosing of drugs, medicants and biological substances (T36-T50) and grouped the encounters as those after state mandates regulating activity came into effect (Post-COVID-19 (3/17/2020–3/18/2021)) Pre-COVID-19 (3/18/2019–3/17/2020). We then compared poisoning agent, age at the time of the encounter, recorded sex, race, ethnicity, rural/urban residence, and visit type using Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test of association, incidence rates and incident rate ratios between the time periods. The sample included 1608 unique patients 0–17 years of age and 4216 encounters. We also identified IRRs >1 in nearly every demographic subgroup with the exception of Non-Hispanic Blacks. The comparison of specific drugs or medicants identified a significant decrease in poisoning by Systemic antibiotics (T36); but an increase in Hormones and their synthetic substitutes and antagonists (T38), Non opioid analgesics antipyretic and antirheumatic (T39), Psychotropic Drugs (T39) and Systemic and hematologic agents (T45). This study identifies pediatric subgroups highly affected by pediatric poisoning during the time-period immediately after the identification of COVID-19 and characterizes the drugs commonly associated with poisonings. With a further understanding nursing has the potential to impact pediatric poisoning in the inpatient, outpatient and public health setting.
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ISSN:0882-5963
1532-8449
1532-8449
DOI:10.1016/j.pedn.2024.07.006