Influence of kilohertz frequency, burst duty cycle and burst duration on evoked torque, discomfort and muscle efficiency: A randomized crossover trial

Kilohertz‐frequency alternating currents (KFACs) have been indicated to minimize muscle atrophy and weakness. However, the optimal stimulation parameters still need to be determined. Objective This study aimed to investigate the effects of different KFACs on evoked torque, current efficiency, and pe...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Physiological reports Vol. 12; no. 20; pp. e70039 - n/a
Main Authors:	Modesto, Karenina Arrais Guida, Raposo, Priscila Karen Silva, da Silva Almeida, Isabella, Vaz, Marco Aurélio, Durigan, João Luiz Quagliotti
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01-10-2024 John Wiley and Sons Inc Wiley
Subjects:	Adult alternated current Atrophy burst‐modulated current Cross-Over Studies duty cycle Efficiency electrical stimulation Female Humans Male Muscle Contraction - physiology Muscle, Skeletal - physiology Neuromuscular electrical stimulation Original Regular Manuscript Statistical analysis Statistical models Torque Triceps surae muscle Young Adult Modesto California United States > US burst‐modulated current electrical stimulation torque alternated current duty cycle
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Summary:	Kilohertz‐frequency alternating currents (KFACs) have been indicated to minimize muscle atrophy and weakness. However, the optimal stimulation parameters still need to be determined. Objective This study aimed to investigate the effects of different KFACs on evoked torque, current efficiency, and perceived discomfort. Design KFACs with frequencies of 1 kHz (Aussie current) and 2.5 kHz (Russian current), along with two duty cycles (10% and 20%), were randomly applied to the triceps surae muscle of healthy participants using a crossover design. The NMES intensity, NMES‐evoked torque, NMES efficiency, and NMES discomfort were measured in maximal and submaximal conditions. Statistical analyses were conducted using a two‐way mixed‐model ANOVA with repeated measures. Forty‐four participants were included. Results Aussie currents produced higher evoked torque and efficiency in maximal and submaximal efforts, with higher perceived discomfort in maximal effort. Although the Australian current may cause greater discomfort at maximal efforts, it matches the Russian current in perceived discomfort at submaximal levels. The 20% duty cycle produced the highest efficiency in submaximal efforts. Conclusion In both maximal and submaximal efforts, the Aussie current demonstrated superior NMES efficiency, yielding higher torque with lower amplitude than the Russian current. Clinicians should take these findings into consideration when prescribing KFACs to optimize clinical outcomes.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 ObjectType-Undefined-3
ISSN:	2051-817X 2051-817X
DOI:	10.14814/phy2.70039