Lactobacillus reuteri maintains a functional mucosal barrier during DSS treatment despite mucus layer dysfunction

Treatment with the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus reuteri has been shown to prevent dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in rats. This is partly due to reduced P-selectin-dependent leukocyte- and platelet-endothelial cell interactions, however, the mechanism behind this protective effect...

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Published in:	PloS one Vol. 7; no. 9; p. e46399
Main Authors:	Dicksved, Johan, Schreiber, Olof, Willing, Ben, Petersson, Joel, Rang, Sara, Phillipson, Mia, Holm, Lena, Roos, Stefan
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States Public Library of Science 27-09-2012 Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Subjects:	Animals Bacteria Bacterial Load Bacterial Translocation Biology Causes of Cell culture Cell interactions Colitis Colitis - chemically induced Colitis - microbiology Colitis - pathology Colitis - prevention & control Colon Colon - drug effects Colon - microbiology Colon - pathology Community composition Crohns disease Dextran Dextran Sulfate Dextrans Drinking water Endothelial cells Experiments Gastroenterology Gene expression Health Sciences Hälsovetenskap Inflammation Inflammatory bowel disease Intestinal Mucosa - microbiology Intestinal Mucosa - pathology Intestine Laboratory animals Lactobacillus Lactobacillus reuteri Lactobacillus reuteri - physiology Leukocytes Lymph nodes Male Medical and Health Sciences Medicin och hälsovetenskap Medicine Metagenome - genetics Microbiology Microbiota Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms) Microorganisms Mikrobiologi Mucosa Mucus Mucus - drug effects Mucus - metabolism Mucus - microbiology Nutrition and Dietetics Näringslära P-selectin Phylogeny Physiological aspects Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length Prevention Probiotics Probiotics - administration & dosage Probiotics - therapeutic use Rats Rats, Sprague-Dawley RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics Rodents Sodium Sodium sulfate Sulfates Translocation Sweden
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Summary:	Treatment with the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus reuteri has been shown to prevent dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in rats. This is partly due to reduced P-selectin-dependent leukocyte- and platelet-endothelial cell interactions, however, the mechanism behind this protective effect is still unknown. In the present study a combination of culture dependent and molecular based T-RFLP profiling was used to investigate the influence of L. reuteri on the colonic mucosal barrier of DSS treated rats. It was first demonstrated that the two colonic mucus layers of control animals had different bacterial community composition and that fewer bacteria resided in the firmly adherent layer. During DSS induced colitis, the number of bacteria in the inner firmly adherent mucus layer increased and bacterial composition of the two layers no longer differed. In addition, induction of colitis dramatically altered the microbial composition in both firmly and loosely adherent mucus layers. Despite protecting against colitis, treatment with L. reuteri did not improve the integrity of the mucus layer or prevent distortion of the mucus microbiota caused by DSS. However, L. reuteri decreased the bacterial translocation from the intestine to mesenteric lymph nodes during DSS treatment, which might be an important part of the mechanisms by which L. reuteri ameliorates DSS induced colitis.
Bibliography:	Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Conceived and designed the experiments: JD OS JP MP LH S. Roos. Performed the experiments: JD OS BW S. Rang S. Roos. Analyzed the data: JD OS BW S. Roos. Wrote the paper: JD OS MP LH S. Roos.
ISSN:	1932-6203 1932-6203
DOI:	10.1371/journal.pone.0046399