Transcranial direct current brain stimulation decreases impulsivity in ADHD

Impulsivity is a core deficit in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has been shown to modulate cognitive control circuits and could enhance DLPFC activity, leading to improved impulse control i...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Brain stimulation Vol. 11; no. 5; pp. 974 - 981
Main Authors:	Allenby, Cheyenne, Falcone, Mary, Bernardo, Leah, Wileyto, E. Paul, Rostain, Anthony, Ramsay, J.Russell, Lerman, Caryn, Loughead, James
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States Elsevier Inc 01-09-2018
Subjects:	Adult Attention - physiology Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - diagnosis Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - psychology Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - therapy Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Cognition - physiology Continuous performance task Cross-Over Studies Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex Double-Blind Method Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Impulsive Behavior - physiology Impulsivity Male Neuropsychological Tests Prefrontal Cortex - physiology Reaction Time - physiology tDCS Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation - methods Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation - psychology Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation - trends Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex Continuous performance task Impulsivity tDCS Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
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Summary:	Impulsivity is a core deficit in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has been shown to modulate cognitive control circuits and could enhance DLPFC activity, leading to improved impulse control in ADHD. Hypothesis: We predicted 2.0 mA anodal stimulation (tDCS) versus sham stimulation applied over the left DLPFC would improve Conners Continuous Performance Task (CPT) scores. Our secondary hypothesis predicted that stop signal task (SST) reaction time (SSRT) would decrease with tDCS (versus sham). Thirty-seven participants completed two periods of three tDCS (or sham) sessions two weeks apart in a within-subject, double-blind, counterbalanced order. Participants performed a fractal N-back training task concurrent with tDCS (or sham) stimulation. Participants completed the CPT and SST at the beginning of treatment (baseline), at the end of the treatment, and at a 3-day post-stimulation follow-up. There was a significant stimulation condition by session interaction for CPT false positive scores (χ2 = 15.44, p < 0.001) driven by a decrease in false positive errors from baseline to end of treatment in the tDCS group (β = −0.36, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) −0.54 to −0.18, p < 0.001). This effect did not persist at follow-up (β = −0.13, p > 0.05). There was no significant stimulation condition by session interaction effect on CPT true positive errors or response time (ps > 0.05). No significant change in SSRT performance was observed (p > 0.05). These findings suggest that stimulation of the left DLPFC with tDCS can improve impulsivity symptoms in ADHD, supporting the therapeutic potential for tDCS in adult ADHD patients. •We examined the treatment potential of anodal tDCS stimulation for adult ADHD.•Three TDCS sessions reduced false positives on a continuous performance task.•Repeated tDCS over the left DLPFC may treat impulsivity in adult ADHD.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-News-1 ObjectType-Feature-3 content type line 23
ISSN:	1935-861X 1876-4754
DOI:	10.1016/j.brs.2018.04.016