Prevalence and Factors Associated with Microalbuminuria in Pediatric Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus at a Large Tertiary-Level Hospital in Botswana

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Microalbuminuria in Pediatric Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus at a Large Tertiary-Level Hospital in Botswana

Microalbuminuria is considered the earliest sign of diabetic nephropathy among patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The prevalence of microalbuminuria among African children with T1DM is reported to be high, yet its prevalence and population-specific risk factors in Botswana are not known....

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity Vol. 14; pp. 4415 - 4422
Main Authors: Ramaphane, Tshireletso, Gezmu, Alemayehu M, Tefera, Endale, Gabaitiri, Lesego, Nchingane, Seeletso, Matsheng-Samuel, Motlalekgomo, Joel, Dipesalema
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: New Zealand Dove Medical Press Limited 01-01-2021
Taylor & Francis Ltd
Dove
Dove Medical Press
Subjects:
Analysis
Blood pressure
Children
Children & youth
Diabetes
Diabetic nephropathies
Diabetic nephropathy
Disease prevention
Endocrinology
Females
Gender
Girls
Glycosylated hemoglobin
Growth hormones
Health aspects
Health care access
Insulin resistance
Laboratories
Medical research
Medicine, Experimental
microalbuminuria
Obesity
Original Research
Pediatrics
pediatrics diabetes
Puberty
Race
Remission (Medicine)
Risk factors
Tuberculosis
Type 1 diabetes
type 1 diabetes mellitus
Urine
Variables
Young adults
Northern Africa
Botswana
South Africa
type 1 diabetes mellitus
microalbuminuria
pediatrics diabetes
diabetic nephropathy
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Summary:Microalbuminuria is considered the earliest sign of diabetic nephropathy among patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The prevalence of microalbuminuria among African children with T1DM is reported to be high, yet its prevalence and population-specific risk factors in Botswana are not known. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of microalbuminuria among children and young adults with T1DM in Botswana and identify factors associated with microalbuminuria in this population. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 127 T1DM patients aged <24 years followed at a pediatric endocrinology clinic in Botswana from 2010 to 2017. Clinical, laboratory, and demographic data were collected using chart review and patient surveys. Descriptive statistics were reported as mean and standard deviation for continuous variables, and frequency and percentage for categorical variables. Prevalence of microalbuminuria was calculated as a simple proportion. Group comparison was done using two-sample independent -test, -test, or Fisher's exact test and logistic regression to assess for associations. Level of significance was set at p<0.05. There were a total of 71 (55.9%) females. The mean age was 18.7 (±5) years and mean duration of T1DM was 6.6 (±4.6) years. Most study participants were of African descent. The prevalence of microalbuminuria was 28.3%. Group comparison revealed gender (p= 0.040), duration of diabetes (p= 0.002), systolic blood pressure (p=0.003), baseline glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (p=0.009) and Tanner's stage (p=008) to be significantly associated with microalbuminuria. On binary logistic regression, only gender (p=0.039) and baseline HbA1c (p=0.039) were independently associated with the presences of microalbuminuria. This study identified a high prevalence of microalbuminuria among children and young adults with T1DM in Botswana and reaffirms the importance of early detection, glycemic control, and regular screening to prevent diabetic nephropathy.
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ISSN:1178-7007
1178-7007
DOI:10.2147/DMSO.S322847