Transcriptome analysis reveals in vitro cultured Withania somnifera leaf and root tissues as a promising source for targeted withanolide biosynthesis

The production of metabolites via in vitro culture is promoted by the availability of fully defined metabolic pathways. Withanolides, the major bioactive phytochemicals of Withania somnifera, have been well studied for their pharmacological activities. However, only a few attempts have been made to...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	BMC genomics Vol. 16; no. 1; p. 14
Main Authors:	Senthil, Kalaiselvi, Jayakodi, Murukarthick, Thirugnanasambantham, Pankajavalli, Lee, Sang Choon, Duraisamy, Pradeepa, Purushotham, Preethi M, Rajasekaran, Kalaiselvi, Nancy Charles, Shobana, Mariam Roy, Irene, Nagappan, Arul Kumar, Kim, Gon Sup, Lee, Yun Sun, Natesan, Senthil, Min, Tae-Sun, Yang, Tae Jin
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England BioMed Central Ltd 22-01-2015 BioMed Central
Subjects:	Analysis Antioxidants - metabolism Cell Cycle Checkpoints - drug effects Cell Line, Tumor Cell Proliferation - drug effects Cell Survival - drug effects Expressed Sequence Tags Genes Genetic aspects Humans Microsatellite Repeats - genetics Plant Leaves - cytology Plant Leaves - genetics Plant Leaves - metabolism Plant Roots - cytology Plant Roots - genetics Plant Roots - metabolism Sequence Analysis, RNA Transcriptome Withania - genetics Withania - metabolism Withanolides - isolation & purification Withanolides - metabolism Withanolides - toxicity
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Summary:	The production of metabolites via in vitro culture is promoted by the availability of fully defined metabolic pathways. Withanolides, the major bioactive phytochemicals of Withania somnifera, have been well studied for their pharmacological activities. However, only a few attempts have been made to identify key candidate genes involved in withanolide biosynthesis. Understanding the steps involved in withanolide biosynthesis is essential for metabolic engineering of this plant to increase withanolide production. Transcriptome sequencing was performed on in vitro adventitious root and leaf tissues using the Illumina platform. We obtained a total of 177,156 assembled transcripts with an average unigene length of 1,033 bp. About 13% of the transcripts were unique to in vitro adventitious roots but no unique transcripts were observed in in vitro-grown leaves. A putative withanolide biosynthetic pathway was deduced by mapping the assembled transcripts to the KEGG database, and the expression of candidate withanolide biosynthesis genes -were validated by qRT PCR. The accumulation pattern of withaferin A and withanolide A varied according to the type of tissue and the culture period. Further, we demonstrated that in vitro leaf extracts exhibit anticancer activity against human gastric adenocarcinoma cell lines at sub G1 phase. We report here a validated large-scale transcriptome data set and the potential biological activity of in vitro cultures of W. somnifera. This study provides important information to enhance tissue-specific expression and accumulation of secondary metabolites, paving the way for industrialization of in vitro cultures of W. somnifera.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1471-2164 1471-2164
DOI:	10.1186/s12864-015-1214-0