Mindfulness and eating behaviour styles in morbidly obese males and females

•We studied the relation between mindfulness and eating styles in the morbidly obese.•Dispositional mindfulness was related to less emotional and external eating.•Moreover, dispositional mindfulness was related to more restrained eating.•Associations were independent of anxiety and depressive sympto...

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Published in:	Appetite Vol. 87; pp. 62 - 67
Main Authors:	Ouwens, M.A., Schiffer, A.A., Visser, L.I., Raeijmaekers, N.J.C., Nyklíček, I.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England Elsevier Ltd 01-04-2015
Subjects:	Adult Affective Symptoms Anxiety Bariatric Surgery Body Mass Index Depression Dispositional mindfulness Eating - psychology Eating behaviour Eating styles Emotions Feeding Behavior - psychology Female Humans Hyperphagia - psychology Male Middle Aged Mindfulness Morbid obesity Obesity, Morbid - psychology Personality Social Control, Informal Surveys and Questionnaires Eating behaviour Depression Eating styles Anxiety Morbid obesity Dispositional mindfulness
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Summary:	•We studied the relation between mindfulness and eating styles in the morbidly obese.•Dispositional mindfulness was related to less emotional and external eating.•Moreover, dispositional mindfulness was related to more restrained eating.•Associations were independent of anxiety and depressive symptoms. Background: Morbid obesity is a highly prevalent condition that is associated with a high risk of various diseases and high health care costs. Understanding determinants of eating behaviours that are characteristic of many morbidly obese persons is important for the development of new interventions aimed at changing eating behaviour after bariatric surgery. Dispositional mindfulness seems promising as one such potential determinant. Therefore, the association between mindfulness and eating behaviour was examined in females and males with morbid obesity. Methods: Outpatients with morbid obesity who were candidates for bariatric surgery (N = 335; 78.8% female) completed the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (DEBQ), the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), in addition to the collection of relevant demographic and medical data. Results: Three separate multiple regression analyses with three eating behaviour styles (restrained, emotional, external) as dependent variables showed that mindfulness was positively associated with restrained eating behaviour (Beta = .28, p ≤ .001), and negatively associated with emotional (Beta = −.22, p ≤ .001) and external (Beta = −.32, p ≤ .001) eating behaviours, independent of sex, age, educational level, Body Mass Index and affective symptoms. Conclusion: Dispositional mindfulness was associated with more restrained, and less emotional and external eating behaviour in morbidly obese outpatients, above and beyond affective symptoms. Future studies, establishing the causal direction of the associations, are needed.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0195-6663 1095-8304
DOI:	10.1016/j.appet.2014.11.030