Kinetics and persistence of cellular and humoral immune responses to SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine in healthcare workers with or without prior COVID‐19

SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines are highly efficient against severe forms of the disease, hospitalization and death. Nevertheless, insufficient protection against several circulating viral variants might suggest waning immunity and the need for an additional vaccine dose. We conducted a longitudinal study on th...

Full description

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Journal of cellular and molecular medicine Vol. 26; no. 4; pp. 1293 - 1305
Main Authors:	Chivu‐Economescu, Mihaela, Bleotu, Coralia, Grancea, Camelia, Chiriac, Daniela, Botezatu, Anca, Iancu, Iulia V., Pitica, Ioana, Necula, Laura G., Neagu, Ana, Matei, Lilia, Dragu, Denisa, Sultana, Camelia, Radu, Elena L., Nastasie, Alina, Voicu, Oana, Ataman, Marius, Nedeianu, Saviana, Mambet, Cristina, Diaconu, Carmen C., Ruta, Simona Maria
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01-02-2022 John Wiley and Sons Inc
Subjects:	Adult Antibodies Antibodies, Neutralizing - blood Antibodies, Neutralizing - immunology Antibodies, Viral - blood Antibodies, Viral - immunology antibody levels BNT162 Vaccine - immunology Clinical trials Coronaviruses COVID-19 COVID-19 - immunology COVID-19 vaccines Enzymes Health care Health Personnel Hospitalization Humans IFN‐γ Immune response (cell-mediated) Immune response (humoral) immune response post‐infection immune response post‐vaccination Immunity, Cellular Immunity, Humoral Immunoassay Immunoglobulin A Immunoglobulin A - blood Immunoglobulin A - immunology Immunoglobulin G Immunoglobulin G - blood Immunoglobulin G - immunology Infections Interferon Interferon-gamma - blood Interferon-gamma - immunology Kinetics Longitudinal Studies Medical personnel Middle Aged mRNA mRNA vaccine mRNA vaccines neutralizing antibodies Original Public health SARS‐CoV‐2 infection Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - immunology spike‐specific CD4+ T cell spike‐specific CD8+ T cell Time Factors Vaccines United States > US Romania Israel spike-specific CD8+ T cell IFN-γ immune response post-infection immune response post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 infection antibody levels neutralizing antibodies spike-specific CD4+ T cell mRNA vaccine
Online Access:	Get full text
Tags:	Add Tag No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!

Description
Summary:	SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines are highly efficient against severe forms of the disease, hospitalization and death. Nevertheless, insufficient protection against several circulating viral variants might suggest waning immunity and the need for an additional vaccine dose. We conducted a longitudinal study on the kinetics and persistence of immune responses in healthcare workers vaccinated with two doses of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine with or without prior SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. No new infections were diagnosed during follow‐up. At 6 months, post‐vaccination or post‐infection, despite a downward trend in the level of anti‐S IgG antibodies, the neutralizing activity does not decrease significantly, remaining higher than 75% (85.14% for subjects with natural infection, 88.82% for vaccinated after prior infection and 78.37% for vaccinated only). In a live‐virus neutralization assay, the highest neutralization titres were present at baseline and at 6 months follow‐up in persons vaccinated after prior infection. Anti‐S IgA levels showed a significant descending trend in vaccinated subjects (p < 0.05) after 14 weeks. Cellular immune responses are present even in vaccinated participants with declining antibody levels (index ratio 1.1–3) or low neutralizing activity (30%–40%) at 6 months, although with lower T‐cell stimulation index (p = 0.046) and IFN‐γ secretion (p = 0.0007) compared to those with preserved humoral responses.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1582-1838 1582-4934 1582-4934
DOI:	10.1111/jcmm.17186