Allicin May Promote Reversal of T-Cell Dysfunction in Periodontitis via the PD-1 Pathway

We evaluated the role of allicin in periodontitis using an in silico and in vitro design. An in silico docking analysis was performed to assess the plausible interactions between allicin and . The cytokine profile of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples obtained from periodontitis patients was es...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 22; no. 17; p. 9162
Main Authors:	Patil, Shankargouda, Sayed, Mohammed E, Mugri, Maryam H, Alsharif, Khalaf F, Salman, Arif, Bhandi, Shilpa, Baeshen, Hosam Ali, Balaji, Thodur Madapusi, Yadalam, Pradeep Kumar, Varadarajan, Saranya, Radha, R Srimathi R, Awan, Kamran Habib, Patil, Vikrant R, Raj, A Thirumal
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland MDPI AG 25-08-2021 MDPI
Subjects:	allicin Antigens Antigens, CD - genetics Antigens, CD - metabolism Apoptosis B7-H1 Antigen - chemistry B7-H1 Antigen - metabolism Binding Sites Biofilms CD223 antigen CD3 antigen Cells, Cultured Chemokine CCL2 - genetics Chemokine CCL2 - metabolism Chemokine CXCL6 - genetics Chemokine CXCL6 - metabolism Chronic illnesses Cytokines Cytomegalovirus Cytotoxicity Dental plaque Disease Disulfides - chemistry Disulfides - pharmacology Gene expression gingival crevicular fluid Gum disease Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2 - genetics Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2 - metabolism Humans Immunoglobulins Immunostimulation Infections Interferon-gamma - genetics Interferon-gamma - metabolism Interleukin 6 Interleukin-6 - genetics Interleukin-6 - metabolism Ligands Lymphocyte Activation Gene 3 Protein Lymphocytes Lymphocytes T Markers Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 Pathogenesis Pathogens Patients PD-1 protein PD-L1 protein Periodontitis Periodontitis - metabolism Peripheral blood Protein Binding Sulfinic Acids - chemistry Sulfinic Acids - pharmacology T lymphocytes T-Lymphocytes - drug effects T-Lymphocytes - metabolism Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - genetics Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - metabolism Tumor necrosis factor-α γ-Interferon T lymphocytes gingival crevicular fluid allicin periodontitis
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Summary:	We evaluated the role of allicin in periodontitis using an in silico and in vitro design. An in silico docking analysis was performed to assess the plausible interactions between allicin and . The cytokine profile of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples obtained from periodontitis patients was estimated by cytometric bead array. CD3+ lymphocytes isolated from the peripheral blood were sorted and characterized using immunomagnetic techniques. Cultured and expanded lymphocytes were treated with the GCF samples to induce T-cell exhaustion. Optimum concentrations of allicin were added to exhausted lymphocytes to compare the expression of and gene expression at baseline and post-treatment. Allicin was found to bind to the molecule as revealed by the in-silico experiment, which is possibly an inhibitory interaction although not proven. GCF from periodontitis patients had significantly higher concentrations of TNF-α, CCL2, IL-6, IFN-γ, and CXCL8 than controls. GCF treatment of CD3+ lymphocytes from the periodontitis patients significantly increased expression of T-cell exhaustion markers and . Allicin administration with GCF treatment resulted in significant lowering of the expression of exhaustion markers. Allicin may exert an immunostimulatory role and reverse immune-destructive mechanisms such as T-cell exhaustion.
ISSN:	1422-0067 1661-6596 1422-0067
DOI:	10.3390/ijms22179162