Epilepsy, cysticercosis, and toxocariasis: A population-based case-control study in rural Bolivia

To assess the relationship between epilepsy and infection with Taenia solium and Toxocara canis with a case-control study, in the rural area of the Cordillera Province, Bolivia. A preliminary two-phase door-to-door prevalence survey determined the prevalence of epilepsy and identified cases and cont...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Neurology Vol. 58; no. 8; pp. 1256 - 1261
Main Authors:	NICOLETTI, A, BARTOLONI, A, TSANG, V. C. W, HALL, A. J, REGGIO, A, BARTALESI, F, ROSELLI, M, SOFIA, V, ROSADO CHAVEZ, J, GAMBOA BARAHONA, H, PARADISI, F, CANCRINI, G
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Hagerstown, MD Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 23-04-2002
Subjects:	Adult Age of Onset Animals Biological and medical sciences Bolivia - epidemiology Case-Control Studies Cysticercosis - diagnosis Cysticercosis - epidemiology Cysticercosis - parasitology Diet Electroencephalography Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Epilepsies, Partial - epidemiology Epilepsies, Partial - etiology Epilepsies, Partial - parasitology Epilepsy - diagnosis Epilepsy - epidemiology Epilepsy - parasitology Epilepsy, Generalized - epidemiology Epilepsy, Generalized - etiology Epilepsy, Generalized - parasitology Female Headache. Facial pains. Syncopes. Epilepsia. Intracranial hypertension. Brain oedema. Cerebral palsy Humans Immunoelectrophoresis Male Mass Screening Medical sciences Nervous system (semeiology, syndromes) Neurology Rural Population Sanitation Toxocara Toxocara canis Toxocariasis - diagnosis Toxocariasis - epidemiology Toxocariasis - parasitology South America Bolivia America Human Nervous system diseases Cysticercosis Prevalence Epilepsy Larva migrans Parasitosis Helminthiasis Epidemiology Cestode disease Cerebral disorder Infection Nematode disease Central nervous system disease Toxocariasis Rural area
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Summary:	To assess the relationship between epilepsy and infection with Taenia solium and Toxocara canis with a case-control study, in the rural area of the Cordillera Province, Bolivia. A preliminary two-phase door-to-door prevalence survey determined the prevalence of epilepsy and identified cases and control subjects. At least two control subjects per case were selected, matching on sex, age, and community of residence. Cases and control subjects were assessed serologically for antibodies against T. canis by ELISA and against T. solium by enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB). The prevalence survey found 130 confirmed cases of epilepsy, of which 113 were eligible for the case-control study (59 partial seizures and 54 generalized seizures). Two hundred thirty-three control subjects were selected. Multivariable analysis for a matched case-control study was carried out. There was an association between EITB positivity for T. solium and epilepsy with an OR of 1.85 (95% CI 0.99 to 3.4) for all cases. A stronger association was found in those with partial epilepsy with a late onset of disease (15 years and older), where the OR was 3.66 (95% CI 1.10 to 12.10). A positive association was also found with T. canis for all cases with an OR of 2.70 (95% CI 1.41 to 5.19). This increased for those with late-onset partial epilepsy to an OR of 18.22 (95% CI 2.10 to 158.10). This finding suggests that both neurocysticercosis and toxocariasis may in part explain the higher prevalence of epilepsy, particularly partial epilepsy, in developing countries.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0028-3878 1526-632X
DOI:	10.1212/WNL.58.8.1256