A Capsaicin-Based Phytogenic Solution Improves Performance and Thermal Tolerance of Heat-Stressed Growing Pigs

Exposure to heat stress (HS) detrimentally affects pig performance. This study explored whether a dietary phytogenic solution based on spp. (PHY) could enhance the thermal tolerance of heat-stressed growing pigs. Forty-two individually housed pigs were randomly assigned to three treatments: thermone...

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Published in:	Animals (Basel) Vol. 14; no. 6; p. 973
Main Authors:	Cervantes, Miguel, Sakkas, Panagiotis, Soto, Moisés, Gómez, Alejandra Jaquelin, Camacho, Reyna L, Arce, Néstor, Quilichini, Nicolas, Morales, Adriana
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland MDPI AG 01-03-2024 MDPI
Subjects:	AA metabolism Additives Amino acids Animals Antioxidants Body temperature Capsaicin Costs (Law) Diet Dietary supplements Feeds Gene expression growing pigs Growth Heat Heat shock proteins heat stress Hogs Humidity Liver Metabolism Metabolites Muscle proteins Myosin Oxidative stress Phenols Physiological aspects Small intestine Superoxide Swine thermoregulation Mexico Baja California Mexico AA metabolism heat stress performance Capsicum spp growing pigs phytogenics thermoregulation oxidative stress
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Summary:	Exposure to heat stress (HS) detrimentally affects pig performance. This study explored whether a dietary phytogenic solution based on spp. (PHY) could enhance the thermal tolerance of heat-stressed growing pigs. Forty-two individually housed pigs were randomly assigned to three treatments: thermoneutral pigs on a control diet (TN-C) and pigs subjected to HS fed the control diet either without (HS-C) or with supplemental PHY (HS-PHY). The TN-C group exhibited increased average daily gain (ADG) and feed intake (FI) compared to both HS-C ( < 0.01) and HS-PHY pigs ( < 0.05) and better feed efficiency compared to HS-C pigs only ( < 0.01). However, the HS-PHY pigs showed significantly higher FI ( < 0.01) and ADG ( < 0.05) compared to HS-C pigs. HS pigs displayed higher body temperatures (BTs) than TN pigs ( < 0.01), yet HS-PHY pigs experienced a lesser increase in BT compared to HS-C pigs ( < 0.05). Supplementation with PHY mitigated some effects of HS, increasing serum superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, reducing HSP90 expression in muscle, and elevating jejunal villus height compared to HS-C pigs ( < 0.05), reaching levels akin to TN-C pigs. Additionally, PHY supplementation resulted in lower serum urea levels than HS-C pigs ( < 0.01) and similar myosin gene expression to TN-C pigs ( > 0.1), suggesting enhanced amino acid post-absorptive utilization for lean tissue growth. In conclusion, dietary PHY supplementation partially offset the adverse effects of HS on pig performance by improving thermal tolerance.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	2076-2615 2076-2615
DOI:	10.3390/ani14060973