The Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Sleep, Daytime Sleepiness, and Depression-Longitudinal Cohort Study

: COVID-19 disease, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has presented significant challenges to global health, with acute and chronic implications for various aspects of well-being, including sleep and quality of life. This study aimed to investigate the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on sleep quality,...

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Published in:	Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Vol. 60; no. 8; p. 1352
Main Authors:	Putenis, Klāvs, Strautmane, Sintija, Mičule, Madara, Kočāne, Evelīna, Karelis, Guntis
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland MDPI AG 01-08-2024 MDPI
Subjects:	Adult Aged Brain research Cardiovascular disease Cognition disorders Cohort analysis Cohort Studies Consent COVID-19 COVID-19 - complications COVID-19 - epidemiology COVID-19 vaccines daytime sleepiness Demographics Depression - epidemiology Depression, Mental depressive disorder Fatigue Female Health aspects Hospitalization Hospitals Humans Infection Infections Longitudinal Studies Male Mental depression Middle Aged Pandemics Patients Physiology Quality of Life SARS-CoV-2 Self evaluation Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Sleep Sleep disorders Sleep Quality Sleep Wake Disorders - epidemiology Social networks Surveys and Questionnaires Latvia COVID-19 sleep SARS-CoV-2 fatigue daytime sleepiness depressive disorder quality of life sleep quality sleep wake disorders
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Summary:	: COVID-19 disease, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has presented significant challenges to global health, with acute and chronic implications for various aspects of well-being, including sleep and quality of life. This study aimed to investigate the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and quality of life in hospitalised and home-treated patients after three and six months. : A longitudinal cohort study was conducted, enrolling hospitalised patients from a single clinical university hospital and home-treated participants through a survey spread through social networks. Individuals who had tested positive for the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the past three months and had a symptomatic course of the disease were included in the study. Participants with previously diagnosed sleep disorders were excluded from the study. Participants were evaluated using internationally validated self-evaluation scales, including the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). Data were collected three and six months after laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, with informed consent obtained from all participants. Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test, Fisher-Freeman-Halton exact, Pearson Chi tests and Spearman correlation. Results were considered statistically significant with value < 0.05. : In total, 66 participants with a mean age of 44.05 ± 21.61 years were enrolled in the study. Most patients ( = 36) were treated at home and 30 at hospital. Six months after SARS-CoV-2 infection, home-treated patients reported a higher prevalence of poor sleep quality (52.8%, = 19, = 0.015, PSQI) and hospitalised patients showed a lower prevalence of depressive symptoms ( < 0.001, PHQ-9) as 90% ( = 27) had minimal or no symptoms compared to 30.6% ( = 11) in a home-treated group. These findings mark the importance of the COVID-19 patients' management settings as people treated at home had worse sleep quality and more depressive symptoms six months after infection indicating worse life quality.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1648-9144 1010-660X 1648-9144
DOI:	10.3390/medicina60081352