Heavy-metal associated breast cancer and colorectal cancer hot spots and their demographic and socioeconomic characteristics

Purpose Cancer registries offer an avenue to identify cancer clusters across large populations and efficiently examine potential environmental harms affecting cancer. The role of known metal carcinogens (i.e., cadmium, arsenic, nickel, chromium(VI)) in breast and colorectal carcinogenesis is largely...

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Published in:	Cancer causes & control Vol. 35; no. 10; pp. 1367 - 1381
Main Authors:	Tomlinson, Madeline M., Pugh, Felicia, Nail, Alexandra N., Newton, Johnnie D., Udoh, Karen, Abraham, Stephie, Kavalukas, Sandy, Guinn, Brian, Tamimi, Rulla M., Laden, Francine, Iyer, Hari S., States, J. Christopher, Ruther, Matthew, Ellis, C. Tyler, DuPré, Natalie C.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Cham Springer International Publishing 01-10-2024 Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:	Adult Aged Arsenic Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedicine Breast cancer Breast Neoplasms - chemically induced Breast Neoplasms - epidemiology Breast Neoplasms - etiology Cadmium Cancer Research Carcinogenesis Chromium Colorectal cancer Colorectal carcinoma Colorectal Neoplasms - chemically induced Colorectal Neoplasms - epidemiology Colorectal Neoplasms - etiology Disease hot spots Environmental Exposure - adverse effects Epidemiology Female Heavy metals Hematology Humans Kentucky - epidemiology Male Metals, Heavy - adverse effects Middle Aged Nickel Oncology Original Paper Public Health Registries Regression analysis Risk Factors Socioeconomic Factors Kentucky United States > US Cadmium Breast cancer Cancer registry Arsenic Metals Colorectal cancer
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Summary:	Purpose Cancer registries offer an avenue to identify cancer clusters across large populations and efficiently examine potential environmental harms affecting cancer. The role of known metal carcinogens (i.e., cadmium, arsenic, nickel, chromium(VI)) in breast and colorectal carcinogenesis is largely unknown. Historically marginalized communities are disproportionately exposed to metals, which could explain cancer disparities. We examined area-based metal exposures and odds of residing in breast and colorectal cancer hotspots utilizing state tumor registry data and described the characteristics of those living in heavy metal-associated cancer hotspots. Methods Breast and colorectal cancer hotspots were mapped across Kentucky, and area-based ambient metal exposure to cadmium, arsenic, nickel, and chromium(VI) were extracted from the 2014 National Air Toxics Assessment for Kentucky census tracts. Among colorectal cancer ( n = 56,598) and female breast cancer ( n = 77,637) diagnoses in Kentucky, we used logistic regression models to estimate Odds Ratios (ORs) and 95% Confidence Intervals to examine the association between ambient metal concentrations and odds of residing in cancer hotspots, independent of individual-level and neighborhood risk factors. Results Higher ambient metal exposures were associated with higher odds of residing in breast and colorectal cancer hotspots. Populations in breast and colorectal cancer hotspots were disproportionately Black and had markers of lower socioeconomic status. Furthermore, adjusting for age, race, tobacco and neighborhood factors did not significantly change cancer hotspot ORs for ambient metal exposures analyzed. Conclusion Ambient metal exposures contribute to higher cancer rates in certain geographic areas that are largely composed of marginalized populations. Individual-level assessments of metal exposures and cancer disparities are needed.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0957-5243 1573-7225 1573-7225
DOI:	10.1007/s10552-024-01894-0