Short-term toxicity of chloroacetanilide herbicide on non-target organism: estimation of median-lethal concentration, hematological, biochemical, ion regulation, and antioxidants

Short-term toxicity of chloroacetanilide herbicide on non-target organism: estimation of median-lethal concentration, hematological, biochemical, ion regulation, and antioxidants

Contamination of agricultural chemicals (including pesticides) raises concerns about the safety of the aquatic ecosystem. Pretilachlor is a chloroacetamide herbicide commonly used to control weeds in field crops. Hydrophobic activity can increase the risk of pretilachlor loading into the aquatic eco...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Comparative clinical pathology Vol. 32; no. 1; pp. 125 - 137
Main Authors: Ramesh, Mathan, Priyanka, Manoharan, Tamilarasi, Ramachandran, Poopal, Rama-Krishnan, Ren, Zongming, Li, Bin
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: London Springer London 01-02-2023
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:
Adenosine triphosphatase
Aquatic ecosystems
Catalase
Contamination
Gills
Glutathione peroxidase
Glutathione transferase
Hematology
Herbicides
Hydrophobicity
Leukocytes
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Na+/K+-exchanging ATPase
Nontarget organisms
Oncology
Original Article
Oxidative stress
Pathology
Pesticides
Potassium
Toxicity
Chloroacetanilide
Pretilachlor
Oxidative stress
Biomarker
Carp
Toxicity
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Summary:Contamination of agricultural chemicals (including pesticides) raises concerns about the safety of the aquatic ecosystem. Pretilachlor is a chloroacetamide herbicide commonly used to control weeds in field crops. Hydrophobic activity can increase the risk of pretilachlor loading into the aquatic ecosystem. Like other pesticides, pretilachlor has the potential to be toxic to non-target organisms. In particular, the toxicity of pretilachlor is in its initial stages. So, to begin with the toxicity information, we studied the short-term toxic effects of pretilachlor on edible freshwater fish, Labeo rohita . To evaluate the toxicity of pretilachlor, we determined the median-lethal concentration of 96 h. Then, we studied sublethal (1/25 th of 96 h LC 50 ) effects of pretilachlor on blood parameters (hematology, biochemical, and electrolytes) and tissue (gills, liver, and kidney) biomarkers (Na + /K + -ATPase: sodium–potassium adenosine triphosphatase, SOD: superoxide dismutase, CAT: catalase, GST: glutathione S-transferase, GPX: glutathione peroxidase, and LPO: lipoperoxidation) for 72 h. Compared with the control group, pretilachlor toxicity in the exposed group showed a significant change ( p  < 0.05) over the study periods. Hematological indices (excluding white blood cells and MCHC) decreased most. Sodium levels decreased, while chloride and potassium levels (excluding 24 h) increased. The basic energetic fish, glucose, and protein were declined. Pretilachlor inhibited gill Na + /K + -ATPase activity throughout the exposure periods. Pretilachlor induced oxidative stress, which we evidenced by the inhibition of SOD, CAT, GST, and GPX activities, and acceleration of LPO activity in the vital organs of fish. We conclude that pretilachlor has an effect on blood parameters and is a chemical toxic to several organs.
ISSN:1618-565X
1618-5641
1618-565X
DOI:10.1007/s00580-022-03422-5