Fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritoidea) infestation in citrus in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil

From February 1998 to May 2000, fruits of different citrus varieties and hybrids were collected in order to assess the fruit fly infestation levels and tephritoid/parasitoid complex in the state of Sao Paulo. A total of 12,239 fruits (1,416.93 kg) was collected in 25 municipalities. From all the sam...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Neotropical entomology Vol. 33; no. 1; pp. 85 - 89
Main Authors:	Raga, A, Prestes, D.A.O, Souza Filho, M.F, Sato, M.E, Siloto, R.C, Guimaraes, J.A, Zucchi, R.A
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil 01-02-2004
Subjects:	Anastrepha Anastrepha fraterculus Ceratitis capitata Citrus aurantium Citrus deliciosa Citrus latifolia Citrus limonia Citrus maxima Citrus paradisi Citrus reticulata Citrus sinensis Diapriidae ENTOMOLOGY Eucoilidae females fruit flies infestation index insect pest infestation index insect pests insect taxonomy Insecta Lonchaeidae mandarins Neosilba oranges parasitoids plant pests sour oranges Tephritidae Vespidae índice de infestação Brazil Lonchaeidae Tephritidae infestation index índice de infestação Insecta
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Summary:	From February 1998 to May 2000, fruits of different citrus varieties and hybrids were collected in order to assess the fruit fly infestation levels and tephritoid/parasitoid complex in the state of Sao Paulo. A total of 12,239 fruits (1,416.93 kg) was collected in 25 municipalities. From all the samples 5,252 puparia and 3,039 adults of Tephritoidea were recovered. About 78.1% of all adults collected were Tephritidae [77.1% de Anastrepha sp. and 1.0% de Ceratitis capitata (Wied.)] and 21.9% were Lonchaeidae (Neosilba spp.). All females of Anastrepha were identified as A. fraterculus (Wied.). Adults of Braconidae, Diapriidae and Eucoilinae emerged from the citrus samples. Mean infestation indices were 0.4 puparium/ fruit and 3.70 puparia/kg of fruits. Sweet oranges were the most susceptible to Tephritoidea infestations when the number of puparia/fruit was considered. In isolated samples, 'Cravo mandarin' (Citrus reticulata) and sour orange (Citrus aurantium) showed the highest infestation indices (3.4 and 2.4 puparia/fruit, respectively). Some samples of 'Kunquat' (Fortunella sp.) and 'Cravo' mandarin reached high levels of infestation (64.0 and 37.9 puparia/kg of fruits, respectively). The sweet oranges were the most susceptible to Tephritoidea infestations in the state of Sao Paulo. The parasitoid Opiinae D. areolatus was the most abundant braconid species.
Bibliography:	http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1519-566X2004000100015 10.1590/S1519-566X2004000100015 ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23
ISSN:	1519-566X 1678-8052 1678-8052
DOI:	10.1590/S1519-566X2004000100015