NO-cGMP mediated galanin expression in NGF-deprived or axotomized sensory neurons

Leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) are well characterized regulators of galanin expression. However, LIF knockout mice containing the rat galanin 5' proximal promoter fragment (- 2546 to + 15 bp) driving luciferase responded to axotomy in the same way as control mic...

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Published in:	Journal of neurochemistry Vol. 100; no. 3; pp. 790 - 801
Main Authors:	Thippeswamy, Thimmasettappa, Haddley, Kate, Corness, Jacquie D, Howard, Mark R, McKay, Jennifer S, Beaucourt, Stephanie M, Pope, Marion D, Murphy, David, Morris, Richard, Hökfelt, Tomas, Quinn, John P
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Oxford, UK Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01-02-2007 Blackwell Publishing Ltd Blackwell
Subjects:	Animals Axotomy Biological and medical sciences Cell Survival - drug effects Cell Survival - genetics Cells, Cultured Cyclic GMP - metabolism dorsal root ganglion neuron Enzymes Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology galanin Galanin - metabolism Ganglia, Spinal - cytology Ganglia, Spinal - drug effects Ganglia, Spinal - metabolism Gene expression Gene Expression Regulation - genetics Genes, Reporter - genetics Genetic Vectors - genetics Hematologic and hematopoietic diseases leukaemia inhibitory factor Leukemia Leukemia Inhibitory Factor - genetics Leukemias. Malignant lymphomas. Malignant reticulosis. Myelofibrosis Male Medical sciences Medicin och hälsovetenskap Mice Mice, Knockout nerve growth factor Nerve Growth Factor - deficiency Nerve Regeneration - drug effects Nerve Regeneration - genetics Neurons Neurons, Afferent - cytology Neurons, Afferent - drug effects Neurons, Afferent - metabolism nitric oxide Nitric Oxide - metabolism Nitric Oxide Synthase - metabolism Promoter Regions, Genetic - genetics Rats Rats, Wistar Rodents Sciatic Neuropathy - genetics Sciatic Neuropathy - metabolism Sciatic Neuropathy - physiopathology Somesthesis and somesthetic pathways (proprioception, exteroception, nociception); interoception; electrolocation. Sensory receptors Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs Spinal cord Rat Leukemia Central nervous system Phosphorus-oxygen lyases leukaemia inhibitory factor Nerve growth factor Lyases Synthase Guanylate cyclase Endogenous Vector galanin Enzyme Luciferase Rodentia Malignant hemopathy axotomy Gene expression In vitro Survival Infection Vertebrata Mammalia Mouse Nitric oxide dorsal root ganglion neuron Sensory neuron Spinal ganglion Oxidoreductases
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Summary:	Leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) are well characterized regulators of galanin expression. However, LIF knockout mice containing the rat galanin 5' proximal promoter fragment (- 2546 to + 15 bp) driving luciferase responded to axotomy in the same way as control mice. Also, LIF had no effect on reporter gene expression in vitro, neither in the presence or absence of NGF, suggesting that other factors mediate an axotomy response from the galanin promoter. We then addressed the role of nitric oxide (NO) using NGF-deprived rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neuron cultures infected with viral vectors containing the above-mentioned construct, and also studied endogenous galanin expression in axotomized DRG in vivo. Blocking endogenous NO in NGF-deprived DRG cultures suppressed galanin promoter activity. Consistent with this, axotomized/NGF-deprived DRG neurons expressed high levels of neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) and galanin. Further, using pharmacological NOS blockers, or adenoviral vectors expressing dominant-negative either for nNOS or soluble guanylate cyclase in vivo and in vitro, we show that the NO-cGMP pathway induces endogenous galanin in DRG neurons. We propose that both LIF and NO, acting at different promoter regions, are important for the up-regulation of galanin, and for DRG neuron survival and regeneration after axotomy.
Bibliography:	http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04243.x ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0022-3042 1471-4159
DOI:	10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04243.x