Biomass Pyrolysis-Derived Biochar: A Versatile Precursor for Graphene Synthesis

Biomass Pyrolysis-Derived Biochar: A Versatile Precursor for Graphene Synthesis

Graphene, a two-dimensional carbon allotrope with a honeycomb structure, has emerged as a material of immense interest in diverse scientific and technical domains. It is mainly produced from graphite by mechanical, chemical and electrochemical exfoliation. As renewable energy and source utilization...

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Published in:Materials Vol. 16; no. 24; p. 7658
Main Authors: Plenča, Karla, Cvetnić, Sara, Prskalo, Helena, Kovačić, Marin, Cvetnić, Matija, Kušić, Hrvoje, Matusinović, Zvonimir, Kraljić Roković, Marijana, Genorio, Boštjan, Lavrenčič Štangar, Urška, Lončarić Božić, Ana
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 15-12-2023
Subjects:
Allotropy
Alternative energy sources
Biomass
Biomass energy
Breweries
Carbon
Electric properties
Emissions
Gases
Graphene
Graphite
Graphitization
Heavy metals
Honeycomb structures
Methods
Organic chemicals
Potassium
Precursors
Pyrolysis
Raw materials
Renewable energy
Stainless steel
Sulfuric acid
Synthesis
Temperature
Toxicity
X ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Germany
Croatia
United States > US
biomass
graphene synthesis
pyrolysis
biochar valorization
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Summary:Graphene, a two-dimensional carbon allotrope with a honeycomb structure, has emerged as a material of immense interest in diverse scientific and technical domains. It is mainly produced from graphite by mechanical, chemical and electrochemical exfoliation. As renewable energy and source utilization increase, including bioenergy from forest and woody residues, processed, among other methods, by pyrolysis treatment, it can be expected that biochar production will increase too. Thus, its useful applications, particularly in obtaining high-added-value products, need to be fully explored. This study aims at presenting a comprehensive analysis derived from experimental data, offering insights into the potential of biomass pyrolysis-derived biochar as a versatile precursor for the controlled synthesis of graphene and its derivatives. This approach comprehended the highest energy output and lowest negative environmental footprint, including the minimization of both toxic gas emissions during processing and heavy metals' presence in the feedstock, toward obtaining biochar suitable to be modified, employing the Hummers and intercalation with persulfate salts methods, aiming at deriving graphene-like materials. Material characterization has revealed that besides morphology and structural features of the original wooden biomass, graphitized structures are present as well, which is proven clearly by Raman and XPS analyses. Electrochemical tests revealed higher conductivity in modified samples, implying their graphene-like nature.
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ISSN:1996-1944
1996-1944
DOI:10.3390/ma16247658