Candida Infections and Therapeutic Strategies: Mechanisms of Action for Traditional and Alternative Agents

The genus comprises opportunistic fungi that can become pathogenic when the immune system of the host fails. is the most important and prevalent species. Polyenes, fluoropyrimidines, echinocandins, and azoles are used as commercial antifungal agents to treat candidiasis. However, the presence of int...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Frontiers in microbiology Vol. 9; p. 1351
Main Authors:	de Oliveira Santos, Giselle C, Vasconcelos, Cleydlenne C, Lopes, Alberto J O, de Sousa Cartágenes, Maria do S, Filho, Allan K D B, do Nascimento, Flávia R F, Ramos, Ricardo M, Pires, Emygdia R R B, de Andrade, Marcelo S, Rocha, Flaviane M G, de Andrade Monteiro, Cristina
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 03-07-2018
Subjects:	alternative antifungal drugs antifungals Candida Candida infections Microbiology resistance alternative antifungal drugs antifungals Candida infections Candida resistance
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Summary:	The genus comprises opportunistic fungi that can become pathogenic when the immune system of the host fails. is the most important and prevalent species. Polyenes, fluoropyrimidines, echinocandins, and azoles are used as commercial antifungal agents to treat candidiasis. However, the presence of intrinsic and developed resistance against azole antifungals has been extensively documented among several species. The advent of original and re-emergence of classical fungal diseases have occurred as a consequence of the development of the antifungal resistance phenomenon. In this way, the development of new satisfactory therapy for fungal diseases persists as a major challenge of present-day medicine. The design of original drugs from traditional medicines provides new promises in the modern clinic. The urgent need includes the development of alternative drugs that are more efficient and tolerant than those traditional already in use. The identification of new substances with potential antifungal effect at low concentrations or in combination is also a possibility. The present review briefly examines the infections caused by species and focuses on the mechanisms of action associated with the traditional agents used to treat those infections, as well as the current understanding of the molecular basis of resistance development in these fungal species. In addition, this review describes some of the promising alternative molecules and/or substances that could be used as anticandidal agents, their mechanisms of action, and their use in combination with traditional drugs.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 ObjectType-Review-3 content type line 23 Edited by: Octavio Luiz Franco, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brazil These authors have contributed equally to this work. Reviewed by: Adriano Mollica, Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti - Pescara, Italy; Camila Guimarães Freitas, Federal Institute of Brasilia, Brazil This article was submitted to Antimicrobials, Resistance and Chemotherapy, a section of the journal Frontiers in Microbiology
ISSN:	1664-302X 1664-302X
DOI:	10.3389/fmicb.2018.01351