Cross-border surveillance of sheep and goat rabies in Brazil
Since Brazil has the largest territory in South America and borders 10 other countries, rabies control is strategic to prevent cross-border spread. However, prevention and control of rabies in small ruminants is neglected. The present study evaluated the spatiotemporal distribution and temporal tren...
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| Published in: | Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases Vol. 113; p. 102233 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
England
Elsevier Ltd
01-10-2024
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
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| Summary: | Since Brazil has the largest territory in South America and borders 10 other countries, rabies control is strategic to prevent cross-border spread. However, prevention and control of rabies in small ruminants is neglected. The present study evaluated the spatiotemporal distribution and temporal trends of rabies in small ruminants in Brazil between 2005 and 2023. Official data on rabies case notifications and the population density of goats and sheep from the Brazilian states were used. Descriptive epidemiology and temporal analyses of high-risk clusters and trends were conducted. Rabies cases were reported in all states, except for the Federal District, Roraima, Amapá, Amazonas, and Rondônia. In sheep, 174 cases were reported, with an emphasis on Paraná (25.29 %), being highest. There were 64 cases in goats, with a highlight on Bahia (37.50 %) and Maranhão (18.75 %). However, Espírito Santo presented the highest incidence risk (IR) for goats and sheep. The highest peaks in IR occurred in 2005, 2006 and 2013. A temporal trend of decreasing goat cases was observed in northeastern Brazil from 2005 to 2023. In sheep, the Northeast region showed a downward trend in rabies cases. Three high-risk clusters were identified: the primary cluster for goats occurred in 2006, and for sheep, between 2005 and 2013. Rabies in small ruminants occurs across all Brazilian regions, with high-risk areas in the Northeast, Southeast, and South, as well as a risk of cross-border transmission. These findings support animal health authorities in strengthening rabies control for small ruminants and reducing the risk of transboundary spread.
•The state of Espírito Santo presented the highest risk for rabies in goats and sheep.•The Southeast region presented the highest relative risk for the period 2005–2023.•The states Mato Grosso and Espírito Santo showed an increasing trend in goat rabies.•Only Mato Grosso do Sul showed a tendency to increase the incidence risk of rabies in sheep.•In Brazil, rabies control is strategic to avoid transboundary rabies infection. |
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| Bibliography: | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
| ISSN: | 0147-9571 1878-1667 1878-1667 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102233 |