Triangulating the pharmacological properties of thymoquinone in regulating reactive oxygen species, inflammation, and cancer: Therapeutic applications and mechanistic pathways

Cancer is a heterogeneous disease with high morbidity and mortality rate involving changes in redox balance and deregulation of redox signalling. For decades, studies have involved developing an effective cancer treatment to combat treatment resistance. As natural products such as thymoquinone have...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Life sciences (1973) Vol. 287; p. 120120
Main Authors:	Phua, Caroline Yuin Hueii, Teoh, Zhi Ling, Goh, Bey-Hing, Yap, Wei Hsum, Tang, Yin-Quan
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Netherlands Elsevier Inc 15-12-2021 Elsevier BV
Subjects:	Animals Anticancer properties Antineoplastic Agents - pharmacology Antineoplastic Agents - therapeutic use Apoptosis Benzoquinones - pharmacology Benzoquinones - therapeutic use Biocompatibility Cancer Cancer therapies Cell Line, Tumor Cell proliferation Chemoprevention Clinical Trials as Topic - methods Deregulation DNA structure Humans Hypoxia Immunomodulation Inflammation Inflammation - drug therapy Inflammation - metabolism Inflammation Mediators - antagonists & inhibitors Inflammation Mediators - metabolism Lymphocytes B Metastases Morbidity Natural products Neoplasms - drug therapy Neoplasms - metabolism NF-κB protein Reactive oxygen species Reactive Oxygen Species - antagonists & inhibitors Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism Signal transduction Signal Transduction - drug effects Signal Transduction - physiology Signaling Therapeutic applications Thymoquinone Toxicity Tumors Reactive oxygen species Inflammation cancer Chemoprevention Thymoquinone
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Summary:	Cancer is a heterogeneous disease with high morbidity and mortality rate involving changes in redox balance and deregulation of redox signalling. For decades, studies have involved developing an effective cancer treatment to combat treatment resistance. As natural products such as thymoquinone have numerous health benefits, studies are also focusing on using them as a viable method for cancer treatment, as they have minimal toxic effects compared with standard cancer treatments. Thymoquinone studies have shown numerous mechanisms of action, such as regulation of reactive species interfering with DNA structure, modulating various potential targets and their signalling pathways as well as immunomodulatory effects in vitro and in vivo. Thymoquinone's anti-cancer effect is mainly due to the induction of apoptotic mechanisms, such as activation of caspases, downregulation of precancerous genes, inhibition of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), anti-tumour cell proliferation, ROS regulation, hypoxia and anti-metastasis. Insight into thymoquinone's potential as an alternative treatment for chemoprevention and inflammation can be accomplished via compiling these studies, to provide a better understanding on how and why it works, as well as its interactions with common chemotherapeutic treatments. [Display omitted]
ISSN:	0024-3205 1879-0631
DOI:	10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120120