Lifetime prevalence, correlates and health consequences of gender-based violence victimisation and perpetration among men and women in Somalia

Lifetime prevalence, correlates and health consequences of gender-based violence victimisation and perpetration among men and women in Somalia

BackgroundHumanitarian emergencies increase the risk of gender-based violence (GBV). We estimated the prevalence of GBV victimisation and perpetration among women and men in urban settings across Somalia, which has faced decades of war and natural disasters that have resulted in massive population d...

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Published in:BMJ global health Vol. 3; no. 4; p. e000773
Main Authors: Wirtz, Andrea L, Perrin, Nancy A, Desgroppes, Amelie, Phipps, Verena, Abdi, Ali A, Ross, Brendan, Kaburu, Francesco, Kajue, Isatu, Kutto, Ezekiel, Taniguchi, Eri, Glass, Nancy
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: England BMJ Publishing Group LTD 01-07-2018
BMJ Publishing Group
Subjects:
Community
Displaced persons
Domestic violence
Estimates
Famine
Gender differences
Gender-based violence
Global health
Households
Humanitarianism
Mens health
Minority & ethnic groups
Natural disasters
Population
Public health
Reproductive health
Sexual assault
Urban areas
Victimization
Violence
Womens health
Somalia
Somaliland
community-based survey
public health
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Summary:BackgroundHumanitarian emergencies increase the risk of gender-based violence (GBV). We estimated the prevalence of GBV victimisation and perpetration among women and men in urban settings across Somalia, which has faced decades of war and natural disasters that have resulted in massive population displacements.MethodsA population-based survey was conducted in 14 urban areas across Somalia between December 2014 and November 2015.ResultsA total of 2376 women and 2257 men participated in the survey. One in five men (22.2%, 95% CI 20.5 to 23.9) and one in seven (15.5%; 95% CI 14.1 to 17.0) women reported physical or sexual violence victimisation during childhood. Among women, 35.6% (95% CI 33.4 to 37.9) reported adult lifetime experiences of physical or sexual intimate partner violence (IPV) and 16.5% (95% CI 15.1 to 18.1) reported adult lifetime experience of physical or sexual non-partner violence (NPV). Almost one-third of men (31.2%; 95% CI 29.4 to 33.1) reported victimisation as an adult, the majority of which was physical violence. Twenty-two per cent (21.7%; 95% CI 19.5 to 24.1) of men reported lifetime sexual or physical IPV perpetration and 8.1% (95% CI 7.1 to 9.3) reported lifetime sexual or physical NPV perpetration. Minority clan membership, displacement, exposure to parental violence and violence during childhood were common correlates of IPV and NPV victimisation and perpetration among women and men. Victimisation and perpetration were also strongly associated with recent depression and experiences of miscarriage or stillbirth.ConclusionGBV is prevalent and spans all regions of Somalia. Programmes that support nurturing environments for children and provide health and psychosocial support for women and men are critical to prevent and respond to GBV.
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ISSN:2059-7908
2059-7908
DOI:10.1136/bmjgh-2018-000773