Heterogenous CD8+ T Cell Maturation and ‘Polarization’ in Acute and Convalescent COVID-19 Patients

Heterogenous CD8+ T Cell Maturation and ‘Polarization’ in Acute and Convalescent COVID-19 Patients

Background. The adaptive antiviral immune response requires interaction between CD8+ T cells, dendritic cells, and Th1 cells for controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection, but the data regarding the role of CD8+ T cells in the acute phase of COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 syndrome are still limited. Methods.. Pe...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Viruses Vol. 14; no. 9; p. 1906
Main Authors: Kudryavtsev, Igor V, Arsentieva, Natalia A, Korobova, Zoia R, Isakov, Dmitry V, Rubinstein, Artem A, Batsunov, Oleg K, Khamitova, Irina V, Kuznetsova, Raisa N, Savin, Tikhon V, Akisheva, Tatiana V, Stanevich, Oksana V, Lebedeva, Aleksandra A, Vorobyov, Evgeny A, Vorobyova, Snejana V, Kulikov, Alexander N, Sharapova, Maria A, Pevtsov, Dmitrii E, Totolian, Areg A
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Basel MDPI AG 28-08-2022
MDPI
Subjects:
Age
Antibodies
Antigen presentation
Blood
CCR6 protein
CD3+CD8
CD57 antigen
CD8 antigen
CD8 lymphocytes
Cell surface
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
CXCR3 protein
CXCR5 protein
Cytokines
Cytotoxicity
Dendritic cells
Flow cytometry
Health aspects
Immune response
Immune response (cell-mediated)
Immunoglobulin G
Infections
Interleukin 27
Lymphatic system
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes T
Medical research
Medicine, Experimental
memory CD8+ T cells
Memory cells
Mucosa
Pathogens
Patients
Peripheral blood
SARS-CoV-2
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Tc1
Tc2
Russia
United States > US
Indianapolis Indiana
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Summary:Background. The adaptive antiviral immune response requires interaction between CD8+ T cells, dendritic cells, and Th1 cells for controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection, but the data regarding the role of CD8+ T cells in the acute phase of COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 syndrome are still limited. Methods.. Peripheral blood samples collected from patients with acute COVID-19 (n = 71), convalescent subjects bearing serum SARS-CoV-2 N-protein-specific IgG antibodies (n = 51), and healthy volunteers with no detectable antibodies to any SARS-CoV-2 proteins (HC, n = 46) were analyzed using 10-color flow cytometry. Results. Patients with acute COVID-19 vs. HC and COVID-19 convalescents showed decreased absolute numbers of CD8+ T cells, whereas the frequency of CM and TEMRA CD8+ T cells in acute COVID-19 vs. HC was elevated. COVID-19 convalescents vs. HC had increased naïve and CM cells, whereas TEMRA cells were decreased compared to HC. Cell-surface CD57 was highly expressed by the majority of CD8+ T cells subsets during acute COVID-19, but convalescents had increased CD57 on ‘naïve’, CM, EM4, and pE1 2–3 months post-symptom onset. CXCR5 expression was altered in acute and convalescent COVID-19 subjects, whereas the frequencies of CXCR3+ and CCR4+ cells were decreased in both patient groups vs. HC. COVID-19 convalescents had increased CCR6-expressing CD8+ T cells. Moreover, CXCR3+CCR6- Tc1 cells were decreased in patients with acute COVID-19 and COVID-19 convalescents, whereas Tc2 and Tc17 levels were increased compared to HC. Finally, IL-27 negatively correlated with the CCR6+ cells in acute COVID-19 patients. Conclusions. We described an abnormal CD8+ T cell profile in COVID-19 convalescents, which resulted in lower frequencies of effector subsets (TEMRA and Tc1), higher senescent state (upregulated CD57 on ‘naïve’ and memory cells), and higher frequencies of CD8+ T cell subsets expressing lung tissue and mucosal tissue homing molecules (Tc2, Tc17, and Tc17.1). Thus, our data indicate that COVID-19 can impact the long-term CD8+ T cell immune response.
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content type line 23
ISSN:1999-4915
1999-4915
DOI:10.3390/v14091906