Hazard assessment of a simulated oil spill on intertidal areas of the St. Lawrence River with SPMD-TOX

Phytoremediation in a simulated crude oil spill was studied with a “minimalistic” approach. The SPMD‐TOX paradigm—a miniature passive sorptive device to collect and concentrate chemicals and microscale tests to detect toxicity—was used to monitor over time the bioavailability and potential toxicity...

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Published in:	Environmental toxicology Vol. 19; no. 4; pp. 329 - 335
Main Authors:	Johnson, B. Thomas, Petty, James D., Huckins, James N., Lee, Ken, Gauthier, Joanne
Format:	Journal Article Conference Proceeding
Language:	English
Published:	Hoboken Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 01-08-2004 Wiley
Subjects:	Animal, plant and microbial ecology Animals Applied ecology Biodegradation of pollutants Biodegradation, Environmental Biological and medical sciences Biological Availability Biotechnology Cyperaceae - metabolism Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 - biosynthesis Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution Environment and pollution Environmental Monitoring - methods Fluorescent Dyes Freshwater Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology General aspects Geologic Sediments - chemistry Ictaluridae - metabolism Industrial applications and implications. Economical aspects Luminescent Measurements Membranes, Artificial minimalism Mutagenicity Tests PAH Petroleum - metabolism Petroleum - toxicity phytoremediation polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Quebec Rivers simulated oil spill SPMD-TOX Time Factors toxicity Toxicity Tests - instrumentation Toxicity Tests - methods Ultraviolet Rays Vibrio - genetics Vibrio - metabolism Water Movements Water Pollutants, Chemical - metabolism Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity Saint Lawrence River Quebec Canada, Quebec, St. Lawrence R Oil spill simulated oil spill Ecotoxicology Hydrocarbon Toxicity SPMD-TOX Rivers Polycyclic aromatic compound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Phytoremediation Freshwater environment Marine environment Pollution Intertidal zone minimalism PAH Environment River water Hazard Organic compounds
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Summary:	Phytoremediation in a simulated crude oil spill was studied with a “minimalistic” approach. The SPMD‐TOX paradigm—a miniature passive sorptive device to collect and concentrate chemicals and microscale tests to detect toxicity—was used to monitor over time the bioavailability and potential toxicity of an oil spill. A simulated crude oil spill was initiated on an intertidal freshwater grass‐wetland along the St. Lawrence River southwest of Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. Several phytoremediation treatments were investigated; to dissipate and ameliorate the spill, treatments included nutrient amendments with inorganic nitrogen sources (ammonium nitrate and sodium nitrate) and phosphate (super triple phosphate) with and without cut plants, with natural attenuation (no phytoremedial treatment) as a control. Sequestered oil residues were bioavailable in all oil‐treated plots in Weeks 1 and 2. Interestingly, the samples were colored and fluoresced under ultraviolet light. In addition, microscale tests showed that sequestered residues were acutely toxic and genotoxic, as well as that they induced hepatic P450 enzymes. Analysis of these data suggested that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were among the bioavailable residues sequestered. In addition, these findings suggested that the toxic bioavailable fractions of the oil spill and degradation products dissipated rapidly over time because after the second week the water column contained no oil or detectable degradation products in this riverine intertidal wetland. SPMD‐TOX revealed no evidence of bioavailable oil products in Weeks 4, 6, 8, and 12. All phytoremediation efforts appeared to be ineffective in changing either the dissipation rate or the ability to ameliorate the oil toxicity. SPMD‐TOX analysis of the water columns from these riverine experimental plots profiled the occurrence, dissipation, and influence of phytoremediation on the bioavailability and toxicity of oil products (parent or degradation products). © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 19: 329–335, 2004.
Bibliography:	ark:/67375/WNG-84C0VQ21-C This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. ArticleID:TOX20022 istex:A60D95F129A9FF82C9CD0A34BAAF3A887710029D ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23 ObjectType-Article-1 ObjectType-Feature-2
ISSN:	1520-4081 1522-7278
DOI:	10.1002/tox.20022