The role of acetic acid on glucose uptake and blood flow rates in the skeletal muscle in humans with impaired glucose tolerance

Background/Objectives: Previous studies support the glucose-lowering effect of vinegar. However, the effect of vinegar on muscle glucose metabolism and endothelial function has not been studied in humans. This open, randomized, crossover, placebo-controlled study aims to investigate the effects of v...

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Published in:	European journal of clinical nutrition Vol. 69; no. 6; pp. 734 - 739
Main Authors:	Mitrou, P, Petsiou, E, Papakonstantinou, E, Maratou, E, Lambadiari, V, Dimitriadis, P, Spanoudi, F, Raptis, S A, Dimitriadis, G
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	London Nature Publishing Group UK 01-06-2015 Nature Publishing Group
Subjects:	13 631/443/319/1642/2815 692/308/2778 Abnormalities Absorption, Physiological Acetic acid Acetic Acid - therapeutic use Adult Beverages Blood flow Blood Glucose - analysis Blood Glucose - metabolism Body Mass Index Body size Clinical Nutrition Cross-Over Studies Endothelium, Vascular - metabolism Endothelium, Vascular - physiopathology Epidemiology Esterification Event-related potentials Fatty acids Female Flow velocity Forearm Glucose Glucose metabolism Glucose tolerance Glycerol Health aspects Humans Hyperinsulinism - etiology Hyperinsulinism - prevention & control Hypertriglyceridemia - etiology Hypertriglyceridemia - prevention & control Identification and classification Ingestion Insulin Insulin Resistance Internal Medicine Lipids Male Medicine Medicine & Public Health Metabolic Diseases Metabolism Middle Aged Muscle, Skeletal - blood supply Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism Muscles Musculoskeletal system Nutrition research original-article Overweight - complications Plethysmography Postprandial Period Prediabetic State - complications Prediabetic State - diet therapy Prediabetic State - metabolism Prediabetic State - physiopathology Public Health Randomization Regional Blood Flow Skeletal muscle Strain gauges Triglycerides Vinegar
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Summary:	Background/Objectives: Previous studies support the glucose-lowering effect of vinegar. However, the effect of vinegar on muscle glucose metabolism and endothelial function has not been studied in humans. This open, randomized, crossover, placebo-controlled study aims to investigate the effects of vinegar on muscle glucose metabolism, endothelial function and circulating lipid levels in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) using the arteriovenous difference technique. Subjects/Methods: Eight subjects with IGT (4 males, age 46±10 years, body mass index 30±5) were randomised to consume 0.50 mmol vinegar (6% acetic acid) or placebo before a mixed meal. Plasma samples were taken for 300 min from the radial artery and the forearm vein for measurements of glucose, insulin, triglycerides, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) and glycerol. Muscle blood flow was measured with strain gauge plethysmography. Glucose flux was calculated as the arteriovenous difference of glucose multiplied by the blood flow rates. Results: Vinegar compared with placebo: (1) decreased arterial plasma insulin ( P overall <0.001; P 75 min =0.014, β =−42), (2) increased forearm blood flow ( P overall <0.001; P 240 min =0.011, β =1.53; P 300 min =0.023, β =1.37), (3) increased muscle glucose uptake ( P overall <0.001; P 60 min =0.029, β =2.78) and (4) decreased arterial plasma triglycerides ( P overall =0.005; P 240 min <0.001, β =−344; P 300 min <0.001, β =−373), without changing NEFA and glycerol. Conclusions: In individuals with IGT, vinegar ingestion before a mixed meal results in an enhancement of muscle blood flow, an improvement of glucose uptake by the forearm muscle and a reduction of postprandial hyperinsulinaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia. From this point of view, vinegar may be considered beneficial for improving insulin resistance and metabolic abnormalities in the atherogenic prediabetic state.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 ObjectType-News-3 content type line 23
ISSN:	0954-3007 1476-5640
DOI:	10.1038/ejcn.2014.289