Exploring the psychological impact of the 2022 SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant outbreak in China

Self-measurement and procedures Participants were asked to complete a structured questionnaire with six sections: (1) sociodemographic characteristics; (2) self-reported signs and symptoms of the COVID-19 infection and current clinical status; (3) worries about the infection, re-infection and the se...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	General psychiatry Vol. 36; no. 6; p. e101088
Main Authors:	Han, Gangbin, Cheng, Guirong, Hu, Feifei, Li, Chunli, Liu, Dan, Zhou, Juan, Liu, Jing, Huang, Linya, Liu, Xiaochang, Nie, Qianqian, Song, Dan, Zeng, Deyang, Xu, Lang, Li, Jinquan, Chen, Yushan, Wei, Zhen, Wu, Qiong, He, Xiaoming, Wu, Qingming, Tan, Wei, Mei, Yufei, Chen, Xingxing, Ou, Yangming, Zhang, Jingjing, Yu, Yafu, Yang, Mengliu, Lian, Pengfei, Zhou, Fukai, Fan, Renjia, Wan, Hong, Hu, Chenlu, Fu, Yidi, Li, Shiyue, Wang, Junyi, Cai, Cheng, Pei, Mengdie, Cui, Yuyang, Cai, Wanying, Li, Yiqing, Pan, Shiyao, Chen, Chang, He, Yan, Wu, Zhaoxia, Hu, Liu, Tao, Liang, Xiao, Hongyan, Xie, Xinyan, Zeng, Yan
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England BMJ Publishing Group Ltd 01-12-2023 BMJ Publishing Group LTD BMJ Publishing Group
Subjects:	Anxiety COVID-19 depression Disease transmission Epidemics Infections Insomnia Letter Mental depression Mental disorders Mental health Pandemics Population Quality of life Questionnaires Self report Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Social interaction Stress Viral infections China COVID-19 anxiety depression mental health
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Summary:	Self-measurement and procedures Participants were asked to complete a structured questionnaire with six sections: (1) sociodemographic characteristics; (2) self-reported signs and symptoms of the COVID-19 infection and current clinical status; (3) worries about the infection, re-infection and the sequelae of the illness; (4) the impact of the pandemic on quality of life, accessibility to medical services and social interactions; (5) an evaluation of common mental health-related symptoms—namely anxiety, depression and stress—in the past 2 weeks as measured by the Chinese versions of Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 Scale (GAD-7),12 Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)13 and Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10),14 respectively and (6) an assessment of sleep problems as evaluated by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).15 The survey required approximately 10 minutes to complete. Additionally, 9562 (30.6%), 9622 (30.8%) and 9979 (31.9%) perceived the pandemic had greatly impacted their quality of life, medical accessibility and social interactions, respectively. [...]24 893 (79.6%) participants self-reported having been infected by the virus, while 6363 (20.4%) reported having had no infection (online supplemental table 1). Impact of the related factors of the Omicron wave of COVID-19 on anxiety, depression, acute stress and insomnia symptoms We estimated the PAF of six factors—actively infected with the Omicron variant of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, worried about becoming infected, re-infection and the sequelae of the infection, the impact on quality of life, accessibility to medical services, and social interactions—related to the Omicron wave of the COVID-19 pandemic for the four mental health-related symptoms based on the ORs listed in online supplemental table 4. Surprisingly and in contrast to other factors, having an active infection was not a risk factor with a weighted PAF of −10.8% (95% CI: −11.2% to −10.4%) for anxiety; −4.1% (95% CI: −4.3% to −3.9%) for depression; −2.8% (95% CI: −3.0% to −2.6%) for acute stress, and −0.5% (95% CI: −0.6% to −0.4%) for insomnia (table 1 and online supplemental table 5). [...]we did a subanalysis to assess the ORs by clinical stage and frequency of infection (online supplemental table 6), showing that the participants who had recovered from the illness were less likely to have continuous anxiety (OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.85 to 0.98, p=0.01) or insomnia (OR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.89 to 1.00, p=0.04) than those who were actively infected.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 GH, GC, FH and CL are joint first authors.
ISSN:	2517-729X 2096-5923 2517-729X
DOI:	10.1136/gpsych-2023-101088