Fructooligosaccharide and Bacillus subtilis synbiotic combination promoted disease resistance, but not growth performance, is additive in fish

Species diversification from major to minor carps for their sturdiness and initial higher growth, and also a quest for antibiotic-free aqua farming in the subcontinent, mandates search for and evaluation of alternatives. An experiment was performed to investigate the potential of fructooligosacchari...

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Published in:	Scientific reports Vol. 13; no. 1; p. 11345
Main Authors:	Pawar, Nilesh Anil, Prakash, Chandra, Kohli, Mahinder Pal Singh, Jamwal, Ankur, Dalvi, Rishikesh Subhashrao, Devi, B. Nightingale, Singh, Soibam Khogen, Gupta, Shobha, Lende, Smit Ramesh, Sontakke, Sadanand D., Gupta, Subodh, Jadhao, Sanjay Balkrishna
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	London Nature Publishing Group UK 13-07-2023 Nature Publishing Group Nature Portfolio
Subjects:	631/326 631/61 Aeromonas hydrophila Animal Feed - analysis Animals Bacillus subtilis Bacterial diseases Body weight gain Cyprinidae Diet Dietary Supplements Disease Resistance Feed conversion Fish Diseases - microbiology Fructooligosaccharides Globulins Goblet cells Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections Hemoglobin Humanities and Social Sciences Leukocytes Lysozyme multidisciplinary Respiratory burst Science Science (multidisciplinary) Synbiotics Synergistic effect
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Summary:	Species diversification from major to minor carps for their sturdiness and initial higher growth, and also a quest for antibiotic-free aqua farming in the subcontinent, mandates search for and evaluation of alternatives. An experiment was performed to investigate the potential of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) and Bacillus subtilis (BS) (alone or as synbiotics) in promoting growth and immunity against infections in Labeo fimbriatus fingerlings. Six iso-nitrogenous and iso-lipidic diets containing combinations of two levels of FOS (0% and 0.5%) and three levels of BS (0, 10 4 , 10 6 CFU/g feed) were fed to fish for 60 days. At the end of the feeding trial, twenty-four fish from each group were injected intra-peritoneally with pathogenic strain of Aeromonas hydrophila O:18 to test the immunoprotective efficacy of the supplements against bacterial infection. BS, but not FOS, significantly improved (P < 0.05) growth and feed utilisation attributes like percentage weight gain (PWG), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). There were interactive effects of FOS and BS on PWG, SGR and FCR; however, the effects were not additive in nature. These beneficial effects of BS, alone or in combination with FOS, were corroborated by increased protease activity, microvilli density and diameter and number of goblet cells. Overall beneficial effects of FOS and BS included improved erythrocyte (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), total protein and globulin levels. Total leucocyte (WBC) count and immunological parameters like respiratory burst activity of leucocytes (NBT reduction), lysozyme activity, albumin: globulin ratio and post-challenge survival were significantly improved by both FOS and BS, and their dietary combination yielded the highest improvement in these parameters. Synergistic effects of FOS and BS as dietary supplements indicate that a combination of 10 6 CFU/g BS and 0.5% FOS is optimal to improve growth, feed utilisation, immune functions, and disease resistance in L. fimbriatus fingerlings.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 ObjectType-Undefined-3
ISSN:	2045-2322 2045-2322
DOI:	10.1038/s41598-023-38267-7