Spores of puffball fungus Lycoperdon pyriforme as a reference standard of stable monodisperse aerosol for calibration of optical instruments

Advanced air quality control requires real-time monitoring of particulate matter size and concentration, which can only be done using optical instruments. However, such techniques need regular calibration with reference samples. In this study, we suggest that puffball fungus (Lycoperdon pyriforme) s...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	PloS one Vol. 14; no. 1; p. e0210754
Main Authors:	Zhirnov, Anatoliy A, Kudryashova, Nina N, Kudryashova, Olga B, Korovina, Nataliya V, Pavlenko, Anatoliy A, Titov, Sergey S
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States Public Library of Science 30-01-2019 Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Subjects:	Aerosol sampling Aerosols Agaricales - ultrastructure Air pollution Air Pollution - analysis Air pollution control Air quality Air quality assessments Air quality control Air sampling Aluminum oxide Analyzers Atomizing Basidiocarps Biology and Life Sciences Calibration Coagulation Control equipment Engineering and Technology Environmental monitoring Fruit bodies Fungi Humans Instrument calibration Latex Lycoperdales Measurement techniques Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Microspheres Monitoring instruments Mushrooms Optical Devices - standards Optical Devices - statistics & numerical data Optical instruments Optical measurement Optics Outdoor air quality Particle Size Particle size distribution Particulate emissions Particulate matter Particulate Matter - analysis Particulate matter monitoring Physical Sciences Polystyrene Polystyrene resins Powder Powders (Particulate matter) Quality control R&D Real time data processing Reference Standards Research & development Research and Analysis Methods Size distribution Spores Spores, Fungal - ultrastructure Russia
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Summary:	Advanced air quality control requires real-time monitoring of particulate matter size and concentration, which can only be done using optical instruments. However, such techniques need regular calibration with reference samples. In this study, we suggest that puffball fungus (Lycoperdon pyriforme) spores can be utilized as a reference standard having a monodisperse size distribution. We compare the Lycoperdon pyriforme spores with the other commonly used reference samples, such as Al2O3 powder and polystyrene latex (PSL) microspheres. Here we demonstrate that the puffball spores do not coagulate and, thus, maintain the same particle size in the aerosol state for at least 15 minutes, which is enough for instrument calibration. Moreover, the puffball mushrooms can be stored for several years and no agglomeration of the spores occurs. They are also much cheaper than other calibration samples and no additional devices are needed for aerosol generation since the fungal fruiting body acts as an atomizer itself. The aforementioned features make the fungal spores a highly promising substance for calibration and validation of particle size analyzers, which outperforms the existing, artificially produced particles for aerosol sampling. Furthermore, the L. pyriforme spores are convenient for basic research and development of new optical measurement techniques, taking into account their uniform particle size and absent coagulation in the aerosol.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Current address: 659322, IPCET SB RAS, Biysk, Altai Krai, Russia
ISSN:	1932-6203 1932-6203
DOI:	10.1371/journal.pone.0210754