Combination therapy with oncolytic viruses and immune checkpoint inhibitors

: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have dramatically improved the outcome for cancer patients across multiple tumor types. However the response rates to ICI monotherapy remain relatively low, in part due to some tumors cultivating an inherently 'cold' immune microenvironment. Oncolytic v...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Expert opinion on biological therapy Vol. 20; no. 6; p. 635
Main Authors:	Chiu, Matthew, Armstrong, Edward John Lloyd, Jennings, Vicki, Foo, Shane, Crespo-Rodriguez, Eva, Bozhanova, Galabina, Patin, Emmanuel Christian, McLaughlin, Martin, Mansfield, David, Baker, Gabriella, Grove, Lorna, Pedersen, Malin, Kyula, Joan, Roulstone, Victoria, Wilkins, Anna, McDonald, Fiona, Harrington, Kevin, Melcher, Alan
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England 02-06-2020
Subjects:	Adenoviridae - physiology Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized - therapeutic use Combined Modality Therapy Enterovirus - physiology Humans Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors - therapeutic use Neoplasms - drug therapy Neoplasms - pathology Neoplasms - therapy Oncolytic Virotherapy - methods Orthoreovirus - physiology Vaccinia virus - physiology immune checkpoint inhibitors combination treatment oncolytic viruses immunotherapy Cancer
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Summary:	: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have dramatically improved the outcome for cancer patients across multiple tumor types. However the response rates to ICI monotherapy remain relatively low, in part due to some tumors cultivating an inherently 'cold' immune microenvironment. Oncolytic viruses (OV) have the capability to promote a 'hotter' immune microenvironment which can improve the efficacy of ICI. : In this article we conducted a literature search through Pubmed/Medline to identify relevant articles in both the pre-clinical and clinical settings for combining OVs with ICIs and discuss the impact of this approach on treatment as well as changes within the tumor microenvironment. We also explore the future directions of this novel combination strategy. : The imminent results of the Phase 3 study combining pembrolizumab with or without T-Vec injection are eagerly awaited. OV/ICI combinations remain one of the most promising avenues to explore in the success of cancer immunotherapy.
ISSN:	1744-7682
DOI:	10.1080/14712598.2020.1729351