Technological characterization and environment-friendly possibilities to reuse water treatment sludge in building materials

Water treatment plants (WTPs) produce thousands of tons of sludge annually, which is destined for landfill disposal, an environmentally and economically impractical alternative. Chemical, mineralogical, and morphological characterization besides environmental classification has been performed for WT...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Journal of environmental science and health. Part A, Toxic/hazardous substances & environmental engineering Vol. 59; no. 5; pp. 241 - 250
Main Authors:	Reis, J. B., Levandoski, W. M. K., Krogel, M., Ferrazzo, S. T., Pasquali, G. D. L., Korf, E. P.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England Taylor & Francis 15-04-2024 Taylor & Francis Ltd
Subjects:	Activated carbon Activated charcoal Activated clay Activated sludge Aluminum building material Building materials Charcoal Concrete Construction materials Contaminants Geopolymers Iron oxides Kaolinite Landfills Leaching Literature reviews recycling reuse of materials Scanning electron microscopy Silica Sludge Solubilization Spectrometry Waste disposal sites Waste valorization Water reuse Water treatment Water treatment plants X-ray diffraction X-ray fluorescence Waste valorization recycling reuse of materials building material
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Summary:	Water treatment plants (WTPs) produce thousands of tons of sludge annually, which is destined for landfill disposal, an environmentally and economically impractical alternative. Chemical, mineralogical, and morphological characterization besides environmental classification has been performed for WTP sludge and it was evaluated application potential in building materials, from a literature review. The characterization was carried out by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy analysis, and leaching and solubilization tests. The results show that the presence of activated charcoal residues from water treatment in one type of sludge was of little relevance for changes in the properties of the waste. Both sludges have a wide range of particle sizes, consisting mainly of silica, aluminum and iron oxides, as well as kaolinite, quartz, and iron minerals. Special attention must be paid to the solubilization of metallic contaminants to avoid contamination risks and order to make the application safer and more effective, it is necessary to study deeply ways to inert the WTP sludge. The sludges studied have a high potential for application in ceramic products, mortars, geopolymers and concrete paving stones. Depending on the type of building material, different contents of sludge in natural or calcined state can be incorporated.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1093-4529 1532-4117 1532-4117
DOI:	10.1080/10934529.2024.2367353