Challenges in Detecting the Abuse of Growth Hormone in Sport

Growth hormone (GH) is reputed to be in widespread use in the sporting arena as a performance-enhancing agent and is on the list of banned substances published by the World Anti-Doping Agency. The detection of GH abuse poses many challenges. Unlike many substances of abuse, such as synthetic anaboli...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Clinical chemistry (Baltimore, Md.) Vol. 51; no. 9; pp. 1587 - 1593
Main Authors:	McHugh, Cathy M, Park, Roderick T, Sonksen, Peter H, Holt, Richard I.G
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Washington, DC Am Assoc Clin Chem 01-09-2005 American Association for Clinical Chemistry Oxford University Press
Subjects:	Anabolic Agents - blood Analytical, structural and metabolic biochemistry Athletes Biological and medical sciences Biomarkers - blood Doping in Sports - ethics Doping in Sports - legislation & jurisprudence Drugs & sports Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Growth hormones Human Growth Hormone - blood Humans Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects) Medical sciences Olympic games Reference Values Steroids Substance Abuse Detection - methods Substance Abuse Detection - standards Sport Adenohypophyseal hormone Abuse Clinical biology Somatotropin hormone Biochemistry Molecular biology
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Summary:	Growth hormone (GH) is reputed to be in widespread use in the sporting arena as a performance-enhancing agent and is on the list of banned substances published by the World Anti-Doping Agency. The detection of GH abuse poses many challenges. Unlike many substances of abuse, such as synthetic anabolic steroids, GH is a naturally occurring substance; therefore, demonstration of exogenous administration must rely on detecting concentrations in excess of an established reference interval. The purpose of this review is to discuss the methodologies being developed to detect GH abuse. We undertook a comprehensive search using multiple electronic databases and hand searches of reference lists of articles. The data for this review reflect our academic interests and experience through work on the GH-2000 and GH-2004 projects. Two approaches have been taken to detect GH abuse. The first is based on assessment of the effect of exogenous GH on pituitary GH isoforms, and the second is based on measurement of markers of GH action. The advantages of each approach and the difficulties encountered with each technique, as well as future concepts in detection, are discussed. Although there are substantial challenges for the detection of GH, methodologies now exist to detect GH abuse with reasonable sensitivity and specificity.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 ObjectType-Feature-3 ObjectType-Review-2
ISSN:	0009-9147 1530-8561
DOI:	10.1373/clinchem.2005.047845