In Vitro Mitral Valve Model with Unrestricted Ventricular Access: Using Vacuum to Close the Valve and Enable Static Trans-Mitral Pressure

Current in vitro models of the left heart establish the pressure difference required to close the mitral valve by sealing and pressurizing the ventricular side of the valve, limiting important access to the subvalvular apparatus. This paper describes and evaluates a system that establishes physiolog...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Journal of cardiovascular translational research Vol. 15; no. 4; pp. 845 - 854
Main Authors:	Stephens, Sam E., Kammien, Alexander J., Paris, Jacob C., Applequist, Alexis P., Ingels, Neil B., Jensen, Hanna K., Rodgers, Drew E., Cole, Charles R., Wenk, Jonathan F., Jensen, Morten O.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	New York Springer US 01-08-2022
Subjects:	Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering Biomedicine Cardiology Human Genetics Medicine Medicine & Public Health Original Original Article Mitral valve Mitral annulus Papillary muscles In vitro Surgery Chordae tendineae
Online Access:	Get full text
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Summary:	Current in vitro models of the left heart establish the pressure difference required to close the mitral valve by sealing and pressurizing the ventricular side of the valve, limiting important access to the subvalvular apparatus. This paper describes and evaluates a system that establishes physiological pressure differences across the valve using vacuum on the atrial side. The subvalvular apparatus is open to atmospheric pressure and accessible by tools and sensors, establishing a novel technique for experimentation on atrioventricular valves. Porcine mitral valves were excised and closed by vacuum within the atrial chamber. Images were used to document and analyze closure of the leaflets. Papillary muscle force and regurgitant flow rate were measured to be 4.07 N at 120 mmHg and approximately 12.1 ml/s respectively, both of which are within clinically relevant ranges. The relative ease of these measurements demonstrates the usefulness of improved ventricular access at peak pressure/force closure. Graphical abstract
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Associate Editor Junjie Xiao oversaw the review of this article.
ISSN:	1937-5387 1937-5395
DOI:	10.1007/s12265-021-10199-5