Active Sulfate-Reducing Bacterial Community in the Camel Gut

The diversity and activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in the camel gut remains largely unexplored. An abundant SRB community has been previously revealed in the feces of Bactrian camels ( ). This study aims to combine the 16S rRNA gene profiling, sulfate reduction rate (SRR) measurement with...

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Published in:	Microorganisms (Basel) Vol. 11; no. 2; p. 401
Main Authors:	Karnachuk, Olga V, Panova, Inna A, Panov, Vasilii L, Ikkert, Olga P, Kadnikov, Vitaly V, Rusanov, Igor I, Avakyan, Marat R, Glukhova, Lubov B, Lukina, Anastasia P, Rakitin, Anatolii V, Begmatov, Shahjahon, Beletsky, Alexey V, Pimenov, Nikolai V, Ravin, Nikolai V
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland MDPI AG 01-02-2023 MDPI
Subjects:	Ambient temperature Aridity Bacteria biogenic chalcopyrite Camelidae Camels Chalcopyrite Composition Copper Deer Desulforamulus Desulfovibrio Digestive system Feces Gastrointestinal system Gastrointestinal tract Genetic aspects gut microbiota Gypsum Identification and classification Intestine Iron Iron sulfides Laboratories Metal ions Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms) Mineralogy Pasture Physiological aspects Pure culture Radioactive tracers rRNA 16S Semi arid areas Solid phases Sulfate reduction Sulfate-reducing bacteria Sulfates Taxonomy X-ray diffraction Russia United States > US Mongolia biogenic chalcopyrite Desulforamulus sulfate-reduction camels Desulfovibrio gut microbiota
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Summary:	The diversity and activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in the camel gut remains largely unexplored. An abundant SRB community has been previously revealed in the feces of Bactrian camels ( ). This study aims to combine the 16S rRNA gene profiling, sulfate reduction rate (SRR) measurement with a radioactive tracer, and targeted cultivation to shed light on SRB activity in the camel gut. Fresh feces of 55 domestic Bactrian camels grazing freely on semi-arid mountain pastures in the Kosh-Agach district of the Russian Altai area were analyzed. Feces were sampled in early winter at an ambient temperature of -15 °C, which prevented possible contamination. SRR values measured with a radioactive tracer in feces were relatively high and ranged from 0.018 to 0.168 nmol S cm day . The 16S rRNA gene profiles revealed the presence of Gram-negative and spore-forming . Targeted isolation allowed us to obtain four pure culture isolates belonging to and . An active SRB community may affect the iron and copper availability in the camel intestine due to metal ions precipitation in the form of sparingly soluble sulfides. The copper-iron sulfide, chalcopyrite (CuFeS ), was detected by X-ray diffraction in 36 out of 55 analyzed camel feces. In semi-arid areas, gypsum, like other evaporite sulfates, can be used as a solid-phase electron acceptor for sulfate reduction in the camel gastrointestinal tract.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	2076-2607 2076-2607
DOI:	10.3390/microorganisms11020401