Global distribution of pesticides in freshwater resources and their remediation approaches

The role of pesticides in enhancing global agricultural production is magnificent. However, their unmanaged use threatens water resources and individual health. A significant pesticide concentration leaches to groundwater or reaches surface waters through runoff. Water contaminated with pesticides m...

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Published in:	Environmental research Vol. 225; p. 115605
Main Authors:	Singh, Sandeep, Rawat, Meenakshi, Malyan, Sandeep K., Singh, Rajesh, Tyagi, Vinay Kumar, Singh, Kaptan, Kashyap, Sujata, Kumar, Sumant, Sharma, Manish, Panday, B.K., Pandey, R.P.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Netherlands Elsevier Inc 15-05-2023
Subjects:	Biological treatment techniques Chemical treatments techniques Drinking Water - analysis Environmental Monitoring Fresh Water India Pesticides Pesticides - analysis Physical treatment techniques Wastewater Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis India DDE DDD SPE ETZ BDL HRT L MFCs μL TFC AOTs OCPs ODAAPS CNTs DDT OH mg WHO UV MCPA 2,4-D g/L SWCNTs DMDA HCB Pesticides h 2,4-DP Wastewater HCH Chemical treatments techniques BIS NOM Biological treatment techniques ECO TEA MCPP CW ND PIP NF Physical treatment techniques MWCNTs PCP pm
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Summary:	The role of pesticides in enhancing global agricultural production is magnificent. However, their unmanaged use threatens water resources and individual health. A significant pesticide concentration leaches to groundwater or reaches surface waters through runoff. Water contaminated with pesticides may cause acute or chronic toxicity to impacted populations and exert adverse environmental effects. It necessitates the monitoring and removing pesticides from water resources as prime global concerns. This work reviewed the global occurrences of pesticides in potable water and discussed the conventional and advanced technologies for the removal of pesticides. The concentration of pesticides highly varies in freshwater resources across the globe. The highest concentration of α-HCH (6.538 μg/L, at Yucatan, Mexico), lindane (6.08 μg/L at Chilka lake, Odisha, India), 2,4, DDT (0.90 μg/L, at Akkar, Lebanon), chlorpyrifos (9.1 μg/L, at Kota, Rajasthan, India), malathion (5.3 μg/L, at Kota, Rajasthan, India), atrazine (28.0 μg/L, at Venado Tuerto City, Argentina), endosulfan (0.78 μg/L, at Yavtmal, Maharashtra, India), parathion (4.17 μg/L, at Akkar, Lebanon), endrin (3.48 μg/L, at KwaZuln-Natl Province, South Africa) and imidacloprid (1.53 μg/L, at Son-La province, Vietnam) are reported. Pesticides can be significantly removed through physical, chemical, and biological treatment. Mycoremediation technology has the potential for up to 90% pesticide removal from water resources. Complete removal of the pesticides through a single biological treatment approach such as mycoremediation, phytoremediation, bioremediation, and microbial fuel cells is still a challenging task, however, the integration of two or more biological treatment approaches can attain complete removal of pesticides from water resources. Physical methods along with oxidation methods can be employed for complete removal of pesticides from drinking water. •Global distribution of pesticides in freshwater was reviewed.•Pesticides are persistent in the groundwater even after 27 years of discontinuation.•Biological, chemical, and physical removal approaches were discussed.•Removal of pesticides up to safe levels through a single treatment approach is difficult.•Hyphenation of two or more treatment approaches can achieve 100% pesticides removal.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0013-9351 1096-0953
DOI:	10.1016/j.envres.2023.115605