Screening for Charles Bonnet syndrome: Should the definition be reconsidered?

Purpose: Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS) is a condition in which individuals with visual impairment (VI) and with no cognitive deficits experience visual hallucinations, typically with no other sensory hallucinations. Although few isolated case reports of CBS from India have been published, the preval...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Indian journal of ophthalmology Vol. 67; no. 7; pp. 1127 - 1132
Main Authors:	Satgunam, PremNandhini, Sumalini, Rebecca, Chittapu, Gayathri, Pamarthi, Gunasree
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	India Wolters Kluwer India Pvt. Ltd 01-07-2019 Medknow Publications and Media Pvt. Ltd Medknow Publications & Media Pvt. Ltd Wolters Kluwer - Medknow Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
Subjects:	Acuity Adult Age Analysis Auditory Binocular vision Blindness Brochures Case reports Charles Bonnet Syndrome - complications Charles Bonnet Syndrome - diagnosis Charles Bonnet Syndrome - epidemiology Cognitive ability Cross-Sectional Studies Dementia Diagnosis Eyes & eyesight Female Follow-Up Studies hallucination Hallucinations Humans India - epidemiology low vision Male Mass Screening - methods Medical research Mental disorders Mental task performance Middle Aged Ophthalmology Original Patients Prevalence Prevalence studies (Epidemiology) psychiatry Retrospective Studies Sensory integration Vision disorders Vision Screening - methods Vision, Low - diagnosis Vision, Low - epidemiology Vision, Low - etiology Visual Acuity Visual field Visual impairment Visual system India low vision visual impairment Auditory psychiatry hallucination
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Summary:	Purpose: Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS) is a condition in which individuals with visual impairment (VI) and with no cognitive deficits experience visual hallucinations, typically with no other sensory hallucinations. Although few isolated case reports of CBS from India have been published, the prevalence for CBS in India is largely unknown. The primary aim of this study was to estimate CBS prevalence in patients with vision impairment visiting a tertiary eye care center. Methods: The study was conducted in two phases. In phase 1, patients with VI, age ≥40 years with presenting visual acuity worse than 20/63 were enrolled. In phase 2, patients with presenting visual acuity worse than 20/63 and/or with binocular visual field loss, age ≥18 years were recruited. A CBS survey was administered only to those who passed a screening test for cognition impairment. Results: A total of 218 patients were screened (phase 1 = 113 and phase 2 = 105). Two-hundred ten patients (mean age ± standard deviation = 49.2 ± 17.3 years, males = 139) were found eligible to complete the CBS survey. Fourteen patients were found to have visual hallucinations. In addition, three other patients had visual hallucinations with associated auditory input to the visual imagery. All patients had complete insight about their hallucinations. Conclusion: Depending on the inclusion criteria, we found the prevalence for CBS in patients with VI to vary between 6.7% to 8.1% (if including patients with auditory input). More investigation is needed to assess the associated role of other sensory inputs (e.g. auditory) with the visual imagery experienced in CBS.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0301-4738 1998-3689
DOI:	10.4103/ijo.IJO_1533_18