Search Results - "Palaeontology"

A standard protocol for documenting modern and fossil ichnological data by Falkingham, Peter L., Bates, Karl T., Avanzini, Marco, Bennett, Matthew, Bordy, Emese M., Breithaupt, Brent H., Castanera, Diego, Citton, Paolo, Díaz‐Martínez, Ignacio, Farlow, Jim O., Fiorillo, Anthony R., Gatesy, Stephen M., Getty, Patrick, Hatala, Kevin G., Hornung, Jahn J., Hyatt, James A., Klein, Hendrik, Lallensack, Jens N., Martin, Anthony J., Marty, Daniel, Matthews, Neffra A., Meyer, Christian A., Milàn, Jesper, Minter, Nicholas J., Razzolini, Novella L., Romilio, Anthony, Salisbury, Steven W., Sciscio, Lara, Tanaka, Ikuko, Wiseman, Ashleigh L. A., Xing, L. D., Belvedere, Matteo, McIlroy, Duncan

“…The collection and dissemination of vertebrate ichnological data is struggling to keep up with techniques that are becoming commonplace in the wider…”
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strap: an R package for plotting phylogenies against stratigraphy and assessing their stratigraphic congruence by Bell, Mark A., Lloyd, Graeme T., Smith, Andrew

“…strap (Stratigraphic Tree Analysis for Palaeontology) is a new package for the freely available statistical programming language R designed to perform three…”
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Cope's rule and the adaptive landscape of dinosaur body size evolution by Benson, Roger B. J., Hunt, Gene, Carrano, Matthew T., Campione, Nicolás, Mannion, Philip

“…The largest known dinosaurs weighed at least 20 million times as much as the smallest, indicating exceptional phenotypic divergence. Previous studies have…”
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Cyanobacteria and the Great Oxidation Event: evidence from genes and fossils by Schirrmeister, Bettina E., Gugger, Muriel, Donoghue, Philip C. J., Smith, Andrew

“…Cyanobacteria are among the most ancient of evolutionary lineages, oxygenic photosynthesizers that may have originated before 3.0 Ga, as evidenced by free…”
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A new phylogenetic hypothesis of turtles with implications for the timing and number of evolutionary transitions to marine lifestyles in the group by Evers, Serjoscha W., Benson, Roger B. J., Smith, Andrew

“…Evolutionary transitions to marine habitats occurred frequently among Mesozoic reptiles. Only one such clade survives to the present: sea turtles…”
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Early evolution of the Eukaryota by Butterfield, Nicholas J., Smith, Andrew

“…The evolution of eukaryotes represents one of the most fundamental transitions in the history of life on Earth; however, there is little consensus as to when…”
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Climatic drivers of latitudinal variation in Late Triassic tetrapod diversity by Dunne, Emma M., Farnsworth, Alexander, Greene, Sarah E., Lunt, Daniel J., Butler, Richard J., Mannion, Philip

“…The latitudinal biodiversity gradient (LBG), the increase in biodiversity from the poles to the equator, is one of the most widely recognized global…”
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Time‐averaging and fidelity of modern death assemblages: building a taphonomic foundation for conservation palaeobiology by Kidwell, Susan M., Orr, Patrick

“…Ecosystems today are under growing pressure, with human domination at many scales. It is difficult, however, to gauge what has changed or been lost – and why –…”
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Probabilistic methods surpass parsimony when assessing clade support in phylogenetic analyses of discrete morphological data by O'Reilly, Joseph E., Puttick, Mark N., Pisani, Davide, Donoghue, Philip C. J., Rahman, Imran

“…Fossil taxa are critical to inferences of historical diversity and the origins of modern biodiversity, but realizing their evolutionary significance is…”
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The terrestrial biota prior to the origin of land plants (embryophytes): a review of the evidence by Wellman, Charles H., Strother, Paul K., Smith, Andrew

“…It is often assumed that life originated and diversified in the oceans prior to colonizing the land. However, environmental constraints in chemical evolution…”
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Horseshoe crab phylogeny and independent colonizations of fresh water: ecological invasion as a driver for morphological innovation by Lamsdell, James C., Zhang, Xi‐Guang

“…Xiphosurids are an archaic group of aquatic chelicerate arthropods, generally known by the colloquial misnomer of ‘horseshoe crabs’. Known from marine…”
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Proterozoic photosynthesis – a critical review by Butterfield, Nicholas J., Lomax, Barry

“…Chlorophyll‐based photosynthesis has fuelled the biosphere since at least the early Archean, but it was the ecological takeover of oxygenic cyanobacteria in…”
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Constructing and testing hypotheses of dinosaur foot motions from fossil tracks using digitization and simulation by Falkingham, Peter L., Turner, Morgan L., Gatesy, Stephen M., Cavin, Lionel

“…Whilst bones present a static view of extinct animals, fossil footprints are a direct record of the activity and motion of the track maker. Deep footprints are…”
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Five hundred million years of extinction and recovery: a phanerozoic survey of large‐scale diversity patterns in fishes by FRIEDMAN, MATT, SALLAN, LAUREN COLE

“…:  Fishes include more than half of all living animals with backbones, but large‐scale palaeobiological patterns in this assemblage have not received the same…”
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Spatiotemporal sampling patterns in the 230 million year fossil record of terrestrial crocodylomorphs and their impact on diversity by Mannion, Philip D., Chiarenza, Alfio Alessandro, Godoy, Pedro L., Cheah, Yung Nam, Ruta, Marcello

“…The 24 extant crocodylian species are the remnants of a once much more diverse and widespread clade. Crocodylomorpha has an approximately 230 million year…”
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Formation binning: a new method for increased temporal resolution in regional studies, applied to the Late Cretaceous dinosaur fossil record of North America by Dean, Christopher D., Chiarenza, A. Alessandro, Maidment, Susannah C. R., Mannion, Philip

“…The advent of palaeontological occurrence databases has allowed for detailed reconstruction and analyses of species richness through deep time. While a…”
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Planetary‐scale change to the biosphere signalled by global species translocations can be used to identify the Anthropocene by Williams, Mark, Leinfelder, Reinhold, Barnosky, Anthony D., Head, Martin J., McCarthy, Francine M. G., Cearreta, Alejandro, Himson, Stephen, Holmes, Rachael, Waters, Colin N., Zalasiewicz, Jan, Turner, Simon, McGann, Mary, Hadly, Elizabeth A., Stegner, M. Allison, Pilkington, Paul Michael, Kaiser, Jérôme, Berrio, Juan Carlos, Wilkinson, Ian P., Zinke, Jens, Delong, Kristine L., Coxall, Helen

“…We examine three distinctive biostratigraphic signatures of humans associated with hunting and gathering, landscape domestication and globalization. All three…”
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Increased pliosaurid dental disparity across the Jurassic–Cretaceous transition by Zverkov, Nikolay G., Fischer, Valentin, Madzia, Daniel, Benson, Roger B.J., Mannion, Philip

“…Pliosaurid marine reptiles played important roles in marine food chains from the Middle Jurassic to the middle Cretaceous, frequently as apex predators. The…”
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Convergence and functional evolution of longirostry in crocodylomorphs by Ballell, Antonio, Moon, Benjamin C., Porro, Laura B., Benton, Michael J., Rayfield, Emily J., Benson, Roger

“…During the Mesozoic, Crocodylomorpha had a much higher taxonomic and morphological diversity than today. Members of one particularly successful clade,…”
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A new solution to an old riddle: elongate dinosaur tracks explained as deep penetration of the foot, not plantigrade locomotion by Lallensack, Jens N., Farlow, James O., Falkingham, Peter L., Marchetti, Lorenzo

“…The dinosaur track record features numerous examples of trackways with elongated metatarsal marks. Such ‘elongate tracks’ are often highly variable and…”
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