Oxidative Stress as a Risk Factor for Hearing Changes in HIV-positive Normal Listeners

Human immunodeficiency virus-positive (HIV+) individuals can experience a decrease in antioxidants. Such deficiency can make inner ear cells and synapses more vulnerable to oxidative stress, resulting in auditory alterations, even in the presence of normal thresholds. This study aims to compare the...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Clinics (São Paulo, Brazil) Vol. 75; p. e1845
Main Authors:	Matas, Carla G., Padilha, Fernanda Yasmin OMM, Angrisani, Rosanna MG, Samelli, Alessandra G.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Brazil Elsevier España, S.L.U 01-01-2020 Faculdade de Medicina / USP Elsevier España
Subjects:	Adult Audiometry, Pure-Tone Auditory Threshold Cross-Sectional Studies Hearing Hearing Disorders Hearing Tests HIV HIV Infections - complications HIV Infections - drug therapy Humans MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Original Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous Oxidative Stress Risk Factors Hearing HIV Hearing Disorders Oxidative Stress Hearing Tests
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Summary:	Human immunodeficiency virus-positive (HIV+) individuals can experience a decrease in antioxidants. Such deficiency can make inner ear cells and synapses more vulnerable to oxidative stress, resulting in auditory alterations, even in the presence of normal thresholds. This study aims to compare the audiological findings of HIV+ patients (with and without exposure to anti-retroviral treatment) to those of healthy individuals. This was a cross-sectional observational study, comprising 42 normal-hearing adults divided into the Control Group (CG), without HIV; Group I (GI), HIV+, without exposure to the highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART); Group II (GII), HIV+, with exposure to HAART. All participants underwent conventional audiometry (0.25-8 kHz), high-frequency audiometry (9-20 kHz), transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs), efferent auditory pathway's inhibitory effect assessment, brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs), and cognitive potential (P300). In the comparison of the hearing thresholds between the groups, there was a statistically significant difference for most of the frequencies assessed (GII presented hearing thresholds significantly poor when compared with other groups). The presence of TEOAE and the inhibitory effect was also verified in a significantly higher number of individuals in the CG than in the other groups. As for the BAEP, there was a statistically significant difference for the interpeak intervals I-V (GII showed higher values when compared with CG). For P300, there were no statistically significant differences. Normal-hearing HIV+ individuals (with and without exposure to HAART) presented with poor performance in the audiological procedures, suggesting the presence of auditory alterations even in the presence of normal-hearing thresholds.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1807-5932 1980-5322 1980-5322
DOI:	10.6061/clinics/2020/e1845