Improved Gorilla Troops Optimizer-Based Fuzzy PD-(1+PI) Controller for Frequency Regulation of Smart Grid under Symmetry and Cyber Attacks

Improved Gorilla Troops Optimizer-Based Fuzzy PD-(1+PI) Controller for Frequency Regulation of Smart Grid under Symmetry and Cyber Attacks

In a smart grid (SG) system with load uncertainties and the integration of variable solar and wind energies, an effective frequency control strategy is necessary for generation and load balancing. Cyberattacks are emerging threats, and SG systems are typical cyber-attack targets. This work suggests...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Symmetry (Basel) Vol. 15; no. 11; p. 2013
Main Authors: Pachaiyappan, Rajivgandhi, Arasan, Elankurisil, Chandrasekaran, Kannan
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Basel MDPI AG 01-11-2023
Subjects:
Air-turbines
Algorithms
Alternative energy sources
Buildings and facilities
Controllers
cyber attack
Cybersecurity
Cyberterrorism
Data transmission
Denial of service attacks
Diesel engines
Diesel motor
Electric vehicles
Electrical loads
Energy storage
Equilibrium
Flat panel displays
Flywheels
Frequency control
Fuel cells
Fuzzy control
fuzzy PD-(1+PI) controller
Genetic algorithms
gorilla troops optimizer
Laws, regulations and rules
Mathematical optimization
Optimization techniques
Particle swarm optimization
Photovoltaic cells
Proportional integral derivative
Signal transmission
Smart grid
Soldiers
Storage systems
Symmetry
Turbogenerators
Wind power
Wind turbines
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Summary:In a smart grid (SG) system with load uncertainties and the integration of variable solar and wind energies, an effective frequency control strategy is necessary for generation and load balancing. Cyberattacks are emerging threats, and SG systems are typical cyber-attack targets. This work suggests an improved gorilla troops optimizer (iGTO)-based fuzzy PD-(1+PI) (FPD-(1+PI)) structure for the frequency control of an SG system. The SG contains a diesel engine generator (DEG), renewable sources like wind turbine generators(WTGs), solar photovoltaic (PV), and storage elements such as flywheel energy storage systems (FESSs) and battery energy storage systems (BESSs) in conjunction with electric vehicles (EVs). Initially, the dominance of the projected iGTO over the gorilla troops optimizer (GTO) and some recently suggested optimization algorithms are demonstrated by considering benchmark test functions. In the next step, a traditional PID controller is used, and the efficacy of the GTO method is compared with that of the GTO, particle swarm optimization (PSO), and genetic algorithm (GA) methods. In the next stage, the superiority of the proposed FPD-(1+PI) structure over fuzzy PID (FPID) and PID structures is demonstrated under various symmetry operating conditions as well as under different cyberattacks, leading to a denial of service (DoS) and delay in signal transmission.
ISSN:2073-8994
2073-8994
DOI:10.3390/sym15112013