Prevalence and risk factors for cervical cancer and pre-cancerous lesions in Rwanda

Cervical cancer prevalence in Rwanda has not been well-described. Visual inspection with acetic acid or Lugol solution has been shown to be effective for cervical cancer screening in low resource settings. The aim of the study is to understand the prevalence and risk factors for cervical cancer and...

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Published in:	The Pan African medical journal Vol. 22; no. 26; p. 26
Main Authors:	Makuza, Jean Damascène, Nsanzimana, Sabin, Muhimpundu, Marie Aimee, Pace, Lydia Eleanor, Ntaganira, Joseph, Riedel, David James
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Uganda The African Field Epidemiology Network 2015 The Pan African Medical Journal
Subjects:	Adult Age Factors cervical cancer Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia - diagnosis Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia - epidemiology Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia - etiology Cross-Sectional Studies Female Humans Logistic Models Mass Screening - methods Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis Neoplasm Invasiveness Prevalence Risk Factors rwanda Rwanda - epidemiology screening Uterine Cervical Neoplasms - diagnosis Uterine Cervical Neoplasms - epidemiology Uterine Cervical Neoplasms - etiology via Rwanda screening cervical cancer Rwanda VIA
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Summary:	Cervical cancer prevalence in Rwanda has not been well-described. Visual inspection with acetic acid or Lugol solution has been shown to be effective for cervical cancer screening in low resource settings. The aim of the study is to understand the prevalence and risk factors for cervical cancer and pre- cancerous lesions among Rwandan women between 30 and 50 old undergoing screening. This cross-sectional analytical study was done in 3 districts of Rwanda from October 2010 to June 2013. Women aged 30 to 50 years screened for cervical cancer by trained doctors, nurses and midwives. Prevalence of pre-cancerous and cancerous cervical lesions was determined. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to assess risk factors associated with cervical cancer. The prevalence of pre-cancer and invasive cervical cancer was 5.9% (95% CI 4.5, 7.5) and 1.7% (95% CI 0.9, 2.5), respectively. Risk factors associated with cervical cancer in multivariate analysis included initiation of sexual activity at less than 20 years (OR=1.75; 95% CI=(1.01, 3.03); being unmarried (single, divorced and widowed) (OR=3.29; 95% CI=( 1.26, 8.60)); Older age of participants (OR= 0.52; 95% CI= (0.28, 0.97)), older age at the first pregnancy (OR=2.10; 95% CI=(1.20, 3.67) and higher number of children born (OR=0.42; 95%CI =(0.23, 0.76)) were protective. Cervical cancer continues to be a public health problem in Rwanda, but screening using VIA is practical and feasible even in rural settings.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1937-8688 1937-8688
DOI:	10.11604/pamj.2015.22.26.7116