Chronic Pancreatic Inflammation Induced by Environmental Tobacco Smoke Inhalation in Rats

Despite a strong epidemiological association between cigarette smoking and pancreatic diseases, such as pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis, the effects of long-term cigarette smoke inhalation on the pancreas have not been clearly determined. In the present study, we investigated the effect o...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	The American journal of gastroenterology Vol. 101; no. 1; pp. 148 - 159
Main Authors:	WITTEL, Uwe A, PANDEY, Krishan K, ANDRIANIFAHANANA, Mahefatiana, JOHANSSON, Sonny L, CULLEN, Diane M, AKHTER, Mohammed P, BRAND, Randall E, PROKOPCZYK, Bogdain, BATRA, Surinder K
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Oxford Blackwell Publishing 01-01-2006 Wolters Kluwer Health Medical Research, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Subjects:	Animals Biological and medical sciences Biopsy, Needle Cotinine - analysis Cotinine - metabolism Disease Models, Animal Female Gastroenterology Gastroenterology. Liver. Pancreas. Abdomen Immunohistochemistry Medical sciences Nicotine - analysis Nicotine - metabolism Pancreatic Function Tests Pancreatitis, Chronic - etiology Pancreatitis, Chronic - pathology Pancreatitis-Associated Proteins Probability Random Allocation Rats Rats, Sprague-Dawley Reference Values Risk Factors Sensitivity and Specificity Severity of Illness Index Tobacco Smoke Pollution - adverse effects Vertebrata Chronic Tobacco Mammalia Rat Animal Rodentia Gastroenterology Inflammation Pancreas Inhalation
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Summary:	Despite a strong epidemiological association between cigarette smoking and pancreatic diseases, such as pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis, the effects of long-term cigarette smoke inhalation on the pancreas have not been clearly determined. In the present study, we investigated the effect of cigarette smoke inhalation on the pancreas. Thirty-six female Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to two different doses of environmental tobacco smoke averaging 100 mg or 160 mg/m3 total suspended particulate matter (TSP) per m3 for 70 min twice a day for 12 wk. The animals were sacrificed and examined for the effects of tobacco smoke exposure on pancreatic morphology and function. In 58% (7/12) of the animals, exposure to 160 mg/m3 TSP cigarette smoke induced a chronic pancreatic inflammatory process with fibrosis and scarring of pancreatic acinar structures. Animals with fibrotic alterations showed an induction of pancreatic pro-collagen 1 gene expression, and the infiltration of immune cells was accompanied by the expression of the inflammatory mediators MIP-1alpha, IL-1beta, and TGF-beta in 33% (4/12) of the animals. Acinar cell stress was manifested by a significant up-regulation of pancreatitis-associated protein expression (PAP) in smoke-exposed animals (smoke-exposed 6,932 +/- 1,236 vs control 3,608 +/- 305, p < 0.05). Possibly contributing to the morphological damage to the exocrine pancreas, the inhalation of cigarette smoke induced trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen gene expression and, furthermore, reduced pancreatic enzyme content. This study provides experimental evidence of morphological pancreatic damage induced by the inhalation of cigarette smoke, which is likely to be mediated by alterations of acinar cell function.
ISSN:	0002-9270 1572-0241
DOI:	10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00405.x