Exploring the Molecular Tumor Microenvironment and Translational Biomarkers in Brain Metastases of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer

Brain metastases represent a significant clinical challenge in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), often leading to a severe decline in patient prognosis and survival. Recent advances in imaging and systemic treatments have increased the detection rates of brain metastases, yet clin...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 25; no. 4; p. 2044
Main Authors:	Wen, Jiexi, Yu, Jie-Zeng, Liu, Catherine, Ould Ismail, A Aziz O, Ma, Weijie
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland MDPI AG 01-02-2024
Subjects:	Angiogenesis Antimitotic agents Antineoplastic agents Biological markers biomarker Biomarkers Biomarkers, Tumor Brain cancer brain metastases Brain Neoplasms - pathology Brain tumors Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - pathology Cell adhesion & migration Development and progression Effectiveness Extracellular matrix Fibroblasts Humans Leukocytes Lung cancer Lung cancer, Non-small cell Lung Neoplasms - pathology Lymphocytes Medical prognosis Metastasis molecular cancer Mortality Mutation Neutrophils non-small-cell lung cancer Prognosis T cell receptors Tumor Microenvironment Tumors molecular cancer tumor microenvironment biomarker brain metastases non-small-cell lung cancer
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Summary:	Brain metastases represent a significant clinical challenge in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), often leading to a severe decline in patient prognosis and survival. Recent advances in imaging and systemic treatments have increased the detection rates of brain metastases, yet clinical outcomes remain dismal due to the complexity of the metastatic tumor microenvironment (TME) and the lack of specific biomarkers for early detection and targeted therapy. The intricate interplay between NSCLC tumor cells and the surrounding TME in brain metastases is pivotal, influencing tumor progression, immune evasion, and response to therapy. This underscores the necessity for a deeper understanding of the molecular underpinnings of brain metastases, tumor microenvironment, and the identification of actionable biomarkers that can inform multimodal treatment approaches. The goal of this review is to synthesize current insights into the TME and elucidate molecular mechanisms in NSCLC brain metastases. Furthermore, we will explore the promising horizon of emerging biomarkers, both tissue- and liquid-based, that hold the potential to radically transform the treatment strategies and the enhancement of patient outcomes.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-3 content type line 23 ObjectType-Review-1
ISSN:	1422-0067 1661-6596 1422-0067
DOI:	10.3390/ijms25042044