Seroprevalence and risk factors of bluetongue virus in domestic cattle, sheep, goats and camels in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Bluetongue (BT) is a vector-borne disease affecting wild and domestic ruminants in many parts of the world. Although bluetongue virus (BTV) is widespread in ungulates in Africa, available epidemiological information on BT in this continent is limited. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed t...

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Published in:The Veterinary quarterly Vol. 44; no. 1; pp. 1 - 12
Main Authors: Medrouh, Bachir, Abdelli, Amine, Belkessa, Salem, Ouinten, Yacine, Brahimi, Malika, Hakem, Ahcène, Kernif, Tahar, Singer, Steven M, Ziam, Hocine, Tsaousis, Anastasios D, Jokelainen, Pikka, Savini, Giovanni, Pasolli, Edoardo
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: England Taylor & Francis 01-12-2024
Taylor & Francis Group
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Summary:Bluetongue (BT) is a vector-borne disease affecting wild and domestic ruminants in many parts of the world. Although bluetongue virus (BTV) is widespread in ungulates in Africa, available epidemiological information on BT in this continent is limited. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of BTV and summarize information on associated risk factors in domestic ruminants and camels in Africa. Systematic searches were conducted from the inception of the database to November 2022 on PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Google/Google Scholar. Forty-four eligible publications were identified, published in the range from 1973 to 2020, and statistically analyzed. The pooled overall seroprevalence of BTV was 45.02% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 36.00-54.00%). The pooled seroprevalence was 49.70% (95% CI: 34.50-65.00%) in cattle, 47.00% (95% CI: 29.90-64.50%) in goats, 40.80% (95% CI: 19.60-63.90%) in camels, and 36.30% (95% CI: 29.00-44.90%) in sheep. The pooled seroprevalence decreased after 1990 and increased again after 2010. The highest pooled overall seroprevalence was found in the southeastern region, and the highest pooled overall seroprevalence was obtained by Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Finally, the seroprevalence in females (53.30%, 95% CI: 34.80-71.00%) was significantly higher than in males (28.10%, 95% CI: 17.40-40.30%) (  < 0.05). We showed that antibodies against BTV were common in African ruminants and camels. Monitoring the seroprevalence of BTV, as well as systematic and continuous surveillance of the population, are encouraged to prevent and control the spread of BT.
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Supplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/01652176.2024.2396118.
ISSN:0165-2176
1875-5941
1875-5941
DOI:10.1080/01652176.2024.2396118