In Vitro Modulator Effect of Total Extract from the Endophytic Paenibacillus polymyxa RNC-D in Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis and Macrophages

In Vitro Modulator Effect of Total Extract from the Endophytic Paenibacillus polymyxa RNC-D in Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis and Macrophages

Leishmaniases are diseases with high epidemiological relevance and wide geographical distribution. In Brazil, Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis is related to the tegumentary form of leishmaniasis. The treatment for those diseases is problematic as the available drugs promote adverse effects in pat...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of microbiology Vol. 2020; no. 2020; pp. 1 - 11
Main Authors: Anibal, Fernanda de Freitas, Sousa, Cristina Paiva de, Camillo, Luciana, Rodolpho, Joice Margareth de Almeida, Correia, Ricardo de Oliveira, Castro, Cynthia Aparecida de, Ortolani, Letícia Gonçalves, Neris, Débora Meira, Nogueira, Camila Tita
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Cairo, Egypt Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2020
Hindawi
Hindawi Limited
Subjects:
Amastigotes
Bacteria
Biomolecules
Cytokines
Drug development
Drugs
Endophytes
Epidemiology
Geographical distribution
Immune system
Immunomodulation
Infections
Interferon
Interleukin 12
Interleukin 4
Leishmania
Leishmaniasis
Macrophages
Medical treatment
Metabolites
Microbiology
Microorganisms
Nitric oxide
Paenibacillus polymyxa
Parasites
Parasitic diseases
Penicillin
Tumor necrosis factor
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
Vector-borne diseases
Brazil
United States > US
Peru
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Summary:Leishmaniases are diseases with high epidemiological relevance and wide geographical distribution. In Brazil, Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis is related to the tegumentary form of leishmaniasis. The treatment for those diseases is problematic as the available drugs promote adverse effects in patients. Therefore, it is important to find new therapeutic targets. In this regard, one alternative is the study of biomolecules produced by endophytic microorganisms. In this study, the total extract produced by the endophytic Paenibacillus polymyxa RNC-D was used to evaluate the leishmanicidal, nitric oxide, and cytokines production using RAW 264.7 macrophages. The results showed that, in the leishmanicidal assay with L. amazonensis, EC50 values at the periods of 24 and 48 hours were 0.624 mg/mL and 0.547 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the cells treated with the extract presented approximately 25% of infected cells with an average of 3 amastigotes/cell in the periods of 24 and 48 hours. Regarding the production of cytokines in RAW 264.7 macrophages infected/treated with the extract, a significant increase in TNF-α was observed at the periods of 24 and 48 hours in the treated cells. The concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-12 showed significant increase in 48 hours. A significant decrease in IL-4 was observed in all cells treated with the extract in 24 hours. It was observed in the treated cells that the NO production by RAW 264.7 macrophages increased between 48 and 72 hours. The endophytic Paenibacillus polymyxa RNC-D extract modulates the mediators of inflammation produced by RAW 264.7 macrophages promoting L. amazonensis death. The immunomodulatory effects might be a promising target to develop new immunotherapeutic and antileishmanial drugs.
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Academic Editor: Simona Nardoni
ISSN:1687-918X
1687-9198
DOI:10.1155/2020/8895308