Concentrations and Health Risk of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Some Brands of Biscuits in the Nigerian Market

Concentrations and Health Risk of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Some Brands of Biscuits in the Nigerian Market

Concentrations of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in 40 brands of biscuits in the Nigerian market. The analyses were performed by gas chromatography-flame ionisation detection (GC-FID) after Soxhlet extraction of the sample with hexane/dichloromethane and clean-up...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Human and ecological risk assessment Vol. 21; no. 2; pp. 338 - 357
Main Authors: Iwegbue, Chukwujindu M. A, Onyonyewoma, Ufuoma A, Bassey, Francisca I, Nwajei, Godwin E, Martincigh, Bice S
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Boca Raton Taylor & Francis 17-02-2015
Taylor & Francis Ltd
Subjects:
adults
Biscuits
Cabins
carcinogenicity
children
Cookies
crackers
daily intake
Diet
gas chromatography
Health
hexane
Human exposure
ionization
margin of exposure
Markets
methylene chloride
Neodymium
Nigeria
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)
Public health
risk
Wafers
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Summary:Concentrations of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in 40 brands of biscuits in the Nigerian market. The analyses were performed by gas chromatography-flame ionisation detection (GC-FID) after Soxhlet extraction of the sample with hexane/dichloromethane and clean-up of the extract. The concentrations of Σ16 PAHs in these biscuit samples were in the range of 35.7–645.3 μg kg ⁻¹, 75.9–490.7 μg kg ⁻¹, 91.5–537 μg kg ⁻¹, 18.4–522.2 μg kg ⁻¹, 123.5–393.8 μg kg ⁻¹, 167.2–880 μg kg ⁻¹, 136.5–316 μg kg ⁻¹, and 135.5–241.6 μg kg ⁻¹ for shortcake, digestives, cookies, shortbread, wafers, crackers, Pringles, and cabin, respectively. The concentrations of Σ8 carcinogenic PAHs in the samples ranged from not detected (nd)–323.3 μg kg ⁻¹, 15.7–138 μg kg ⁻¹, 9.7–312.9 μg kg ⁻¹, nd–331.7 μg kg ⁻¹, nd–220.9 μg kg ⁻¹, nd–53.3 μg kg ⁻¹, 18.4–56.6 μg kg ⁻¹, and 6.6–170.8 μg kg ⁻¹ for shortcake, digestives, cookies, shortbread, wafers, crackers, Pringles, and cabin, respectively. The margin of exposure (MOE), based on PAH8 as an indicator for the occurrence and effects of PAHs in food, was less than 10,000, the serious health effects value, in 30% and 8% of the brands for the child and adult scenarios, respectively.
Bibliography:http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2014.916542
ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
ISSN:1549-7860
1080-7039
1549-7860
DOI:10.1080/10807039.2014.916542