Mediterranean Diet and Lung Function in Adults Current Smokers: A Cross-Sectional Analysis in the MEDISTAR Project

Mediterranean Diet and Lung Function in Adults Current Smokers: A Cross-Sectional Analysis in the MEDISTAR Project

Previous studies have shown that adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MeDi) has a positive impact on lung function in subjects with lung disease. In subjects free of respiratory diseases, but at risk, this association is not yet well established. Based on the reference data from the MEDISTAR clinica...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nutrients Vol. 15; no. 5; p. 1272
Main Authors: Catalin, Roxana-Elena, Martin-Lujan, Francisco, Salamanca-Gonzalez, Patricia, Palleja-Millan, Meritxell, Villalobos, Felipe, Santigosa-Ayala, Antoni, Pedret, Anna, Valls-Zamora, Rosa M, Sola, Rosa, On Behalf Of The Medistar Research Group Investigators
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01-03-2023
MDPI
Subjects:
Adult
Alcohol
Antioxidants
Asthma
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Clinical trials
Cross-Sectional Studies
Diet
Diet, Mediterranean
Drug addiction
Fatty acids
Food
Food and nutrition
Fruits
Health aspects
Health risks
Humans
Indoor air quality
Lung
Lung Diseases
lung function
Mediterranean Diet
Middle Aged
Nutrition research
Prevention
Primary care
primary care centres
Questionnaires
Regression analysis
Respiratory diseases
Respiratory function
Risk factors
Smokers
Smoking
Spirometry
Vegetables
Womens health
Spain
lung function
primary care centres
Mediterranean Diet
smoking
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Summary:Previous studies have shown that adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MeDi) has a positive impact on lung function in subjects with lung disease. In subjects free of respiratory diseases, but at risk, this association is not yet well established. Based on the reference data from the MEDISTAR clinical trial (Mediterranean Diet and Smoking in Tarragona and Reus; ISRCTN 03.362.372), an observational study was conducted with 403 middle-aged smokers without lung disease, treated at 20 centres of primary care in Tarragona (Catalonia, Spain). The degree of MeDi adherence was evaluated according to a 14-item questionnaire, and adherence was defined in three groups (low, medium, and high). Lung function were assessed by forced spirometry. Logistic regression and linear regression models were used to analyse the association between adherence to the MeDi and the presence of ventilatory defects. Globally, the pulmonary alteration prevalence (impaired FEV1 and/or FVC) was 28.8%, although it was lower in participants with medium and high adherence to the MeDi, compared to those with a low score (24.2% and 27.4% vs. 38.5%, = 0.004). Logistic regression models showed a significant and independent association between medium and high adherence to the MeDi and the presence of altered lung patterns (OR 0.467 [95%CI 0.266, 0.820] and 0.552 [95%CI 0.313, 0.973], respectively). MeDi adherence is inversely associated with the risk impaired lung function. These results indicate that healthy diet behaviours can be modifiable risk factors to protect lung function and reinforce the possibility of a nutritional intervention to increase adherence to MeDi, in addition to promoting smoking cessation.
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Membership of the MEDIS-TAR Research Group Investigators is provided in the Acknowledgments.
ISSN:2072-6643
2072-6643
DOI:10.3390/nu15051272