RpkA, a highly conserved GPCR with a lipid kinase domain, has a role in phagocytosis and anti-bacterial defense

RpkA (Receptor phosphatidylinositol kinase A) is an unusual seven-helix transmembrane protein of Dictyostelium discoideum with a G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signature and a C-terminal lipid kinase domain (GPCR-PIPK) predicted as a phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase. RpkA-homologs are pr...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	PloS one Vol. 6; no. 11; p. e27311
Main Authors:	Riyahi, Tanja Y, Frese, Frederike, Steinert, Michael, Omosigho, Napoleon N, Glöckner, Gernot, Eichinger, Ludwig, Orabi, Benoit, Williams, Robin S B, Noegel, Angelika A
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States Public Library of Science 02-11-2011 Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Subjects:	1-Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase Acids Adenosine triphosphatase Aging Antibacterial agents Antiinfectives and antibacterials ATPases Bacteria Biochemistry Biology Defects Eukaryotes G protein-coupled receptors Genes H+-transporting ATPase Homology Immunofluorescence Kinases Legionella Legionella pneumophila - immunology Legionnaires disease Legionnaires' disease bacterium Lipid kinase Mammals Medicine Membranes Neutrophils pH effects Phagocytosis Phagocytosis - physiology Phagosomes Phosphates Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-diphosphate Phosphatidylinositol kinase Phosphoinositides Pneumonia Proteins Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled - chemistry Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled - physiology Yeast Yeasts
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Summary:	RpkA (Receptor phosphatidylinositol kinase A) is an unusual seven-helix transmembrane protein of Dictyostelium discoideum with a G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signature and a C-terminal lipid kinase domain (GPCR-PIPK) predicted as a phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase. RpkA-homologs are present in all so far sequenced Dictyostelidae as well as in several other lower eukaryotes like the oomycete Phytophthora, and in the Legionella host Acanthamoeba castellani. Here we show by immunofluorescence that RpkA localizes to endosomal membranes and is specifically recruited to phagosomes. RpkA interacts with the phagosomal protein complex V-ATPase as proteins of this complex co-precipitate with RpkA-GFP as well as with the GST-tagged PIPK domain of RpkA. Loss of RpkA leads to a defect in phagocytosis as measured by yeast particle uptake. The uptake of the pathogenic bacterium Legionella pneumophila was however unaltered whereas its intra-cellular replication was significantly enhanced in rpkA(-). The difference between wild type and rpkA(-) was even more prominent when L. hackeliae was used. When we investigated the reason for the enhanced susceptibility for L. pneumophila of rpkA(-) we could not detect a difference in endosomal pH but rpkA(-) showed depletion of phosphoinositides (PIP and PIP(2)) when we compared metabolically labeled phosphoinositides from wild type and rpkA(-). Furthermore rpkA(-) exhibited reduced nitrogen starvation tolerance, an indicator for a reduced autophagy rate. Our results indicate that RpkA is a component of the defense system of D. discoideum as well as other lower eukaryotes.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Conceived and designed the experiments: TYR FF MS GG LE RW AAN. Performed the experiments: TYR FF NNO BO. Analyzed the data: MS GG LE RSBW AAN. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: GG LE. Wrote the paper: TYR AAN.
ISSN:	1932-6203 1932-6203
DOI:	10.1371/journal.pone.0027311