Low Zika virus seroprevalence among pregnant women in North Central Nigeria, 2016

Low Zika virus seroprevalence among pregnant women in North Central Nigeria, 2016

•A low anti-ZIKV seroprevalence using a ZIKV NS1-based ELISA was found among women in North-Central Nigeria.•ZIKV neutralizing antibodies were detected in 94% of anti-ZIKV ELISA reactive samples.•Active and locally acquired ZIKV infection was seen in one patient.•Our findings suggest a largely ZIKV...

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Published in:Journal of clinical virology Vol. 105; pp. 35 - 40
Main Authors: Mathé, Philipp, Egah, Daniel Z., Müller, Janis A., Shehu, Nathan Y., Obishakin, Emmanuel T., Shwe, David D., Pam, Victor C., Okolo, Mark O., Yilgwan, Christopher, Gomerep, Simji S., Fuchs, Jonas, Abok, Ibrahim, Onyedibe, Kenneth I., Olugbo, Ewa J., Isa, Samson E., Machunga-Mambula, Salamatu S., Attah, Caleb J., Münch, Jan, Oguche, Stephen, Panning, Marcus
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01-08-2018
Subjects:
Africa
Neutralizing antibodies
NS1 ELISA
Phylogeny
Seroprevalence
Zika virus
Zika virus
NS1 ELISA
Phylogeny
Neutralizing antibodies
Africa
Seroprevalence
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Summary:•A low anti-ZIKV seroprevalence using a ZIKV NS1-based ELISA was found among women in North-Central Nigeria.•ZIKV neutralizing antibodies were detected in 94% of anti-ZIKV ELISA reactive samples.•Active and locally acquired ZIKV infection was seen in one patient.•Our findings suggest a largely ZIKV immunologically naïve population. Zika virus (ZIKV) has been known for decades in Africa but contemporary data is lacking at large. To describe the seroepidemiology of ZIKV in North Central Nigeria. We performed a cross-sectional study at six health care facilities in North Central Nigeria from January to December 2016. Detection of ZIKV antibodies was done using an anti-ZIKV recombinant non-structural protein 1 (NS1)-based ELISA. A colorimetric assay to detect ZIKV neutralizing antibodies was used on ELISA reactive and randomly selected ELISA non-reactive samples. ZIKV real-time RT-PCR was done on a subset of samples. A total of 468 individual samples were included with almost 60% from pregnant women. Using NS1-based ELISA, an anti-ZIKV positive rate of 6% for IgM and 4% for IgG was found. Pregnant women showed anti-ZIKV positive rates of 4% for IgM and 3% for IgG. None of the ZIKV antibody positive samples tested ZIKV RT-PCR positive. An association with male sex was found for anti-ZIKV IgG ELISA positivity (prevalence ratio 3.49; 95% confidence interval: 1.48–8.25; p = .004). No association with pregnancy, yellow fever vaccination or malaria was found for anti-ZIKV IgM or IgG positivity. ZIKV neutralizing antibodies were detected in 17/18 (94%) anti-ZIKV NS1 positive/borderline samples and in one sample without detectable ZIKV NS1 antibodies. Partial ZIKV E gene sequence was retrieved in one sample without ZIKV antibodies, which clustered within the West African ZIKV lineage. Our results show a largely ZIKV immunologically naïve population and reinforce the importance of ZIKV surveillance in Africa.
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ISSN:1386-6532
1873-5967
DOI:10.1016/j.jcv.2018.05.011